Signaling systems affecting the severity of multiple osteochondromas
Multiple osteochondromas (MO) syndrome is a dominant autosomal bone disorder characterized by the formation of cartilage-capped bony outgrowths that develop at the juxtaposition of the growth plate of endochondral bones. MO has been linked to mutations in either EXT1 or EXT2, two glycosyltransferases required for the synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS). The establishment of mouse mutants demonstrated that a clonal, homozygous loss of Ext1 in a wild type background leads to the development of osteochondromas. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 12, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Virginia Piombo, Katja Jochmann, Daniel Hoffmann, Manuela Wuelling, Andrea Vortkamp Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Commonality in the microarchitecture of trabecular bone: A preliminary study
This study hypothesized that there exists a commonality in the underlying probabilistic distributions of microstructural features of trabecular bones, whereas the microstructural differences among individuals are primarily describe by a set of scalar parameters. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Feng Zhao, Matthew Kirby, Anuradha Roy, Yizhong Hu, X. Edward Guo, Xiaodu Wang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Trends in calcium supplementation, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 –2014
Long-term outcomes of supplemental calcium are inadequately understood. Recent research suggests that calcium from supplements may not be entirely free from unintended health consequences. Consequently, it is important to understand patterns and trends in use of calcium supplements. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mary R. Rooney, Erin D. Michos, Katie C. Hootman, Lisa Harnack, Pamela L. Lutsey Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Differential effects of high-physiological oestrogen on the degeneration of mandibular condylar cartilage and subchondral bone
In this study, unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) was used to create temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) models in rats, while 17 β-estradiol (E2) injections were applied to mimic patients with high-physiological levels of oestrogen. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Tao Ye, Dongliang Sun, Tong Mu, Yi Chu, Hui Miao, Mian Zhang, Hongxu Yang, Qian Liu, Lei Lu, Xianghui Xing, Shibin Yu Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Rescue of a cherubism bone marrow stromal culture phenotype by reducing TGF β signaling
We utilized a bone marrow stromal culture system to investigate changes in TGF β signaling in a mouse model for cherubism (Sh3bp2KI/KI). Interestingly, bone marrow cultures derived from cherubism mice not only displayed impaired osteoblast differentiation, but also had spontaneous osteoclast formation. PAI1, a target gene of TGFβ signaling, was elevated 2-fold in cherubism C D11b−,CD45− cells compared to wild type cells, while the expression of BAMBI, an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, was down-regulated. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Yaling Liu, Tulika Sharma, I-Ping Chen, Ernst Reichenberger, Yasuyoshi Ueki, Yumna Arif, Daniel Parisi, Peter Maye Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Trends in calcium supplementation, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 –2014
Long-term outcomes of supplemental calcium are inadequately understood. Recent research suggests that calcium from supplements may not be entirely free from unintended health consequences. Consequently, it is important to understand patterns and trends in use of calcium supplements. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mary R. Rooney, Erin D. Michos, Katie C. Hootman, Lisa Harnack, Pamela L. Lutsey Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Differential effects of high-physiological oestrogen on the degeneration of mandibular condylar cartilage and subchondral bone
In this study, unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) was used to create temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) models in rats, while 17 β-estradiol (E2) injections were applied to mimic patients with high-physiological levels of oestrogen. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Tao Ye, Dongliang Sun, Tong Mu, Yi Chu, Hui Miao, Mian Zhang, Hongxu Yang, Qian Liu, Lei Lu, Xianghui Xing, Shibin Yu Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Rescue of a cherubism bone marrow stromal culture phenotype by reducing TGF β signaling
We utilized a bone marrow stromal culture system to investigate changes in TGF β signaling in a mouse model for cherubism (Sh3bp2KI/KI). Interestingly, bone marrow cultures derived from cherubism mice not only displayed impaired osteoblast differentiation, but also had spontaneous osteoclast formation. PAI1, a target gene of TGFβ signaling, was elevated 2-fold in cherubism C D11b−,CD45− cells compared to wild type cells, while the expression of BAMBI, an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, was down-regulated. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Yaling Liu, Tulika Sharma, I-Ping Chen, Ernst Reichenberger, Yasuyoshi Ueki, Yumna Arif, Daniel Parisi, Peter Maye Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Subchondral bone microarchitecture in ACL reconstructed knees of young women: A comparison with contralateral and uninjured control knees
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common sports-related knee injury that increases the risk of developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression bone microarchitecture changes in the affected knee, however, little is known about bone microarchitecture in knees with early stage OA. The purpose of this study is to investigate in a cohort of females predisposed to develop OA how bone microarchitecture in ACL reconstructed knees differs from uninjured contralateral knees as well as healthy control knees and how this relates to early changes in OA. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Andres Kroker, Jennifer L. Bhatla, Carolyn A. Emery, Sarah L. Manske, Steven K. Boyd Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Comparison of femoral strength and fracture risk index derived from DXA-based finite element analysis for stratifying hip fracture risk: A cross-sectional study
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based finite element analysis (FEA) has been studied for assessment of hip fracture risk. Femoral strength (FS) is the maximum force that the femur can sustain before its weakest region reaches the yielding limit. Fracture risk index (FRI), which also considers subject-specific impact force, is defined as the ratio of von Mises stress induced by a sideways fall to the bone yield stress over the proximal femur. We compared risk stratification for prior hip fracture using FS and FRI derived from DXA-based FEA. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Shuman Yang, Yunhua Luo, Lang Yang, Enrico Dall'Ara, Richard Eastell, Andrew L. Goertzen, Eugene V. McCloskey, William D. Leslie, Lisa M. Lix Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Subchondral bone microarchitecture in ACL reconstructed knees of young women: A comparison with contralateral and uninjured control knees
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common sports-related knee injury that increases the risk of developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression bone microarchitecture changes in the affected knee, however, little is known about bone microarchitecture in knees with early stage OA. The purpose of this study is to investigate in a cohort of females predisposed to develop OA how bone microarchitecture in ACL reconstructed knees differs from uninjured contralateral knees as well as healthy control knees and how this relates to early changes in OA. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Andres Kroker, Jennifer L. Bhatla, Carolyn A. Emery, Sarah L. Manske, Steven K. Boyd Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
The periosteum-like effect of fresh human amniotic membrane on bone regeneration in a rabbit critical-sized defect model
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fresh human amniotic membrane (FHAM) as a substitute of periosteum to enhance bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 7, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Sahar Ghanmi, Moez Trigui, Walid Baya, Zoubaier Ellouz, Abdelfatteh Elfeki, Slim Charfi, Jean Christophe Fricain, Hassib Keskes Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Congenital disorders of bone and blood
Bone and marrow are the two facets of the same organ, in which bone and hematopoietic cells coexist and interact. Marrow and skeletal tissue influence each-other and a variety of genetic disorders directly targets both of them, which may result in combined hematopoietic failure and skeletal malformations. Other conditions primarily affect one organ with secondary influences on the other. For instance, various forms of congenital anemias reduce bone mass and induce osteoporosis, while osteoclast failure in osteopetrosis prevents marrow development reducing medullary cavities and causing anemia and pancytopenia. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - March 6, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Anna Teti, Steven L. Teitelbaum Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
