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The risk of misdiagnosing posture weakness as hyperactivity in ADHD: a case study
AbstractDifficulties in sustaining posture can present with features associated with hyperactive behaviour listed in DSM-5 and ICD-10 classifications for ADHD. Information from a system measuring motor activity during a neurocognitive test (QbTest), occupational therapist reports and Conners rating scales are compared between cases with and without posture problems. Weakness in sustaining posture results in elevated activity measures during infrared motion analysis. Strong posture on the other hand appears to mitigate activity levels. Posture is an independent factor which requires consideration during the assessment of AD...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - March 3, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Prepotent response inhibition and reaction times in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from a Caribbean community
AbstractImpairment in inhibitory control has been postulated as an underlying hallmark of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which can be utilized as a quantitative trait for genetic studies. Here, we evaluate whether inhibitory control, measured by simple automatized prepotent response (PR) inhibition variables, is a robust discriminant function for the diagnosis of ADHD in children and can be used as an endophenotype for future genetic studies. One hundred fifty-two school children (30.9% female, 67.8% with ADHD) were recruited. The ADHD checklist was used as the screening tool, whilst the DSM-IV Mini Inter...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - February 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Acknowledgement to reviewers 2016
(Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders)
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - February 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

No genetic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson ’s disease in nine ADHD candidate SNPs
AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson ’s disease (PD) involve pathological changes in brain structures such as the basal ganglia, which are essential for the control of motor and cognitive behavior and impulsivity. The cause of ADHD and PD remains unknown, but there is increasing evidence that both seem to result from a complicated in terplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting numerous cellular processes and brain regions. To explore the possibility of common genetic pathways within the respective pathophysiologies, nine ADHD candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - February 6, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

What are the benefits of methylphenidate as a treatment for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
(Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders)
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - February 5, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Is ADHD a valid diagnosis in older adults?
AbstractADHD is a neurodevelopmental syndrome that often persists into adulthood. It is possible that different criteria are necessary for older adults than younger adults: the manifestations of ADHD could change with age; other conditions with onset in later life share presenting symptoms with ADHD; different contextual challenges and patterns of compensatory support may exist. For these reasons, we reviewed evidence for the validity of DSM ADHD criteria in adulthood for individuals over the age of 50. Specifically, we evaluated evidence that the DSM criteria for ADHD identify a valid syndrome in older adults based on cli...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - January 24, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a comprehensive meta-analysis of outcomes on parent-rated core symptomatology
The objective of the present study was to conduct the most comprehensive meta-analysis to date evaluating the efficacy of atomoxetine in reducing core symptomatology of ADHD according to parent report. Selection criteria were applied, and studies were located by searching electronic databases, review of reference sections, and contact with expert researchers; article searching began on 10/01/2013, and the final search was conducted on 09/01/2014. A total of 42 studies met inclusion criteria —33 with control groups and 9 without—for a total sample of 8398 individuals. For those receiving atomoxetine, the summary pre–p...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - January 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Prevalence and correlates of ADHD in individuals with substance use disorder in Nigeria
AbstractSubstance use disorder (SUD) is associated with ADHD. ADHD increases the severity of SUD and has negative influence on the prognosis of the disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of ADHD in individuals with SUD. During 2013 –2015, a cross-sectional descriptive study of 233 drug treatment-seeking individuals was assessed. Diagnosis of ADHD was done using DSM-IV criteria with the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0), while Semi-structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA 6.1) and Adul t ADHD Quality of Life (AAQoL) were used for diagnosis of ...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - January 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
In conclusion, we find that there is consistent evidence for circadian rhythm disruption in ADHD and that such disruption may present a therapeutic target that future ADHD research might concentrate explicitly on. (Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders)
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - January 6, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Assessment of effects of atomoxetine in adult patients with ADHD: consistency among three geographic regions in a response maintenance study
AbstractA previous study (Upadhyaya et al. in Eur J Psychiatry2013b; 27:185 –205) reported that adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrated maintenance of response for up to 25 weeks after initially responding to atomoxetine treatment. In the present report, the consistency of treatment effect across three geographic regions (Europe, United S tates/Canada [US/Can], and Latin America [Latin Am]) was explored. Data were analyzed from a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, maintenance-of-response (randomized withdrawal) trial of atomoxetine versus placebo in adults with ADHD. Patient...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - January 5, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The development of the SGI-16: a shortened sensory gating deficit and distractibility questionnaire for adults with ADHD
Abstract The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) is a questionnaire composed of 36 items designed to investigate abnormal perception related to the inability to control sensitivity to sensory stimuli frequently reported in adult with ADHD. This questionnaire can be considered too lengthy to be taken by people with ADHD, and a shortened version is needed. One hundred and sixty-three adults with ADHD responded to the SGI-36. An item reduction process took into account both the results of statistical analyses and the expertise of a steering committee. Construct validity, reliability, and external validity were tested for a short v...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - December 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale: Self-Report
This study is a psychometric validation of the WFIRS-S in Japanese. The WFIRS-S-J and other questionnaires were administered to 46 adults with attention-deficit –hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 104 control adults, and 889 university students. ADHD diagnoses were made using the Japanese semi-structured diagnostic interview for adult ADHD, which is compatible with the DSM-5. All subscales of the WFIRS-S-J had Cronbach’sα values of around 0.80. Total scores on the WFIRS-S-J had high test –retest reliability after a 2-week interval. The total score, subscale scores, and 59 of the individual item scores of the 70 items in...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - December 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Early maladaptive schemas in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine whether adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate sets of dysfunctional cognitive beliefs and behavioural tendencies according to Jeffrey Young ’s schema-focused therapy model. Sets of dysfunctional beliefs (maladaptive schemas) were assessed with the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S2) in 78 adult ADHD patients and 80 control subjects. Patients with ADHD scored significantly higher than the control group on almost all maladaptive schemas . The ‘Failure’, ‘Defectiveness/Shame’, ‘Subjugation’ and ‘Emotional Deprivatio...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - December 22, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Is there a difference between child self-ratings and parent proxy-ratings of the quality of life of children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the literature
AbstractThere are contemporary indicators that parent proxy-ratings and child self-ratings of a child ’s quality of life (QoL) are not interchangeable. This review examines dual informant studies to assess parent–child agreement on the QoL of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A systematic search of four major databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases) was completed, and related peer-reviewed journals were hand-searched. Studies which reported quantitative QoL ratings for matched parent and child dyads were screened in accordance with relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - December 21, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
AbstractWe previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - November 18, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research