ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment
Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with disordered or disturbed sleep. The relationships of ADHD with sleep problems, psychiatric comorbidities and medications are complex and multidirectional. Evidence from published studies comparing sleep in individuals with ADHD with typically developing controls is most concordant for associations of ADHD with: hypopnea/apnea and peripheral limb movements in sleep or nocturnal motricity in polysomnographic studies; increased sleep onset latency and shorter sleep time in actigraphic studies; and bedtime resistance, difficul...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - August 17, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Barriers to evidence-based treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract A number of evidence-based treatments are available for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including pharmacological, psychosocial, or a combination of the two treatments. For a significant number of children diagnosed with ADHD, however, these treatments are not utilized or adhered to for the recommended time period. Given that adherence to treatment regimens is necessary for reducing the symptoms of ADHD, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of why adherence rates are so low. The current review examines the literature to date that has directly explored utilizati...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - July 24, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Does adult ADHD interact with COMT val 158 met genotype to influence working memory performance?
This study offers an investigation of a possible interaction between ADHD diagnosis and COMT genotype on measures of working memory and executive function. Thirty-five adults with ADHD, who were recruited from the ADHD outpatient clinic at the Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, and thirty-five matched healthy controls completed the Digit Span test and the Stroop Color Word Test. While there were no main effects of ADHD or COMT, the two factors interacted on both Digit Span subtests with the two groups’ met/met carriers showing significantly different performance on the Di...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - July 10, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study
Abstract The present study aimed at identifying the full range of mental disorders comorbid to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents (age 4–17) diagnosed in Danish psychiatric hospitals between 1995 and 2010. A total of 14,825 patients were included in the study and comorbid disorders diagnosed concurrent with ADHD were identified. Associations of comorbid disorders with sex, age, and other mental disorders were investigated by logistic regression analysis. In the total sample, 52.0 % of the patients had at least one psychiatric disorder comorbid to ADHD and 26.2 ...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 19, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Adherence to stimulants in adult ADHD
Abstract Although stimulant medication can reduce symptoms and lessen the degree of functional impairment associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the adherence rate in adults diagnosed with ADHD is reportedly <12 %. The article explores the contexts that influence stimulant medication adherence in adults diagnosed with ADHD. Using a mixed-method design, data on ADHD-related quality of life and stimulant adherence were collected from 67 adults with ADHD. Next, 18 of those adults, based on adherence/quality of life, completed semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were a...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 1, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD
Abstract Few studies have examined the impact of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on adult ADHD functional outcomes. To address this issue dimensionally, ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood and their relation to educational deficits and work disability are studied in a clinical sample of adult patients with previously untreated ADHD. About 250 adults diagnosed systematically with ADHD according to DSM-IV were prospectively recruited. Primary outcomes were high school dropout and being out of the work last year. Childhood ADHD symptoms, sex differences, comorbiditie...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 1, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency a correlate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the association between vitamin D and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and difference in the level of vitamin D in ADHD children and control. This a case–control study carried out in school health and primary health care clinics. A total of 1,331 children and adolescents who were diagnosed with ADHD based on clinical criteria and standardized questionnaires were enrolled in this study and were matched with 1,331 controls, aged 5–18 years old. Data on body mass index (BMI), clinical biochemistry variables including serum 25-hydroxyvitami...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 1, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The effects of nutritional polyunsaturated fatty acids on locomotor activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Abstract The present study investigated the effects of nutritional omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on locomotor activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which are used as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For 6 weeks, two groups of randomly assigned SHRs received food either enriched with or deficient in omega-3 fatty acids (based on the American Institute of Nutrition—93 G/AIN93G). Using an open field, locomotor activity was subsequently assessed for 6 days. A marked difference in locomotor activity as assessed by the distance travelled in the open f...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 1, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

A prospective look at substance use and criminal behavior in urban ADHD youth: what is the role of maltreatment history on outcome?
Abstract Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at heightened risk of antisocial behavior during adolescence/early adulthood. Here, we characterize the antisocial outcomes of a sample of urban, lower-socioeconomic-status, ethnically diverse ADHD youth and investigate the impact of maltreatment history on criminal and substance use disorder (SUD) outcomes. Ninety-eight participants diagnosed with ADHD in childhood were re-assessed 10 years later and compared with controls. Regression analyses investigated the effect of maltreatment on antisocial outcomes among four grou...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 1, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The impact of ADHD on morality development
Abstract Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood mental disorders. This pervasive disorder can affect all aspects of the child’s life, including, but not limited to: peer relations, adult relations and intellectual development. As a direct result of ADHD, many of these deficiencies pervade through the child’s life into adulthood. Although there is a growing number of literature focusing on the sequela of ADHD, especially social deviance, most of the literature’s scope is limited to the connection between ADHD and criminality. This finite...
Source: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders - June 1, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research