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Heterogeneity and Similarities in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Irene Caruso, Angelo Cignarelli, Francesco GiorginoThe latest recommendations from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes prioritize the use of drugs with proven cardiovascular (CV) benefit in patients with established CV disease. Especially among the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) class, results of cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOT) have been heterogeneous. Baseline characteristics of the population, study design, drugs in the control arm, mo...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Neuron–Astrocyte Liaison to Maintain Lipid Metabolism of Brain
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Soham Mukherjee, S.N. SureshNeuron–astrocyte crosstalk is a tightly regulated process that is essential for overall proper functioning of the brain. Maria S. Ioannou et al. (Cell, 2019) revealed a novel and compelling function of neuron–astrocyte crosstalk that explains how neurons cope with their accumulating toxic lipid particles under various scenarios. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Huntington’s Disease: Astrocytes Shift to Fatty Acid Metabolism
Publication date: Available online 6 August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Bennett Van HoutenA recent study by Polyzos et al. (Cell Metab., 2019) shows that astrocytes in a Huntington disease (HD) mouse model switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation (FAO), causing increased superoxide radical anion production and loss of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity. Blocking mitochondria reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an antioxidant compound called XJB-5-151 reversed lipofuscin formation and protected the mice. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

A Possible Neurodegeneration Mechanism Triggered by Diabetes
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Aisan Farhadi, Massoud Vosough, Jin-San Zhang, Yaser Tahamtani, Koorosh ShahpasandSeveral conditions result in neurodegeneration; among which diabetes mellitus (DM) is of crucial importance. Tau (τ) malfunction is a major pathological process participating in neurodegeneration. Despite extensive considerations, the actual causative link between DM and τ abnormalities remains uncertain thus far. Phosphorylated (p)-τ at Thr–Pro motifs can exist in the two distinct cis and trans conformations. cis is neurotoxic, and is ...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Insights on Obesity in Children and Adults: Individualizing Management
Publication date: Available online 6 August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Michael Camilleri, Annamaria StaianoFor the management of obesity in childhood and adolescence, nonoperative approaches have limited efficacy, including community-based and behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy approved for use in adults. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are efficacious in reducing weight, body mass index, and comorbidities in adolescents. Understanding the phenotype associated with obesity provides an opportunity to individualize patients’ treatments directed a...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 6, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Efferocytosis and Atherosclerosis: Regulation of Phagocyte Function by MicroRNAs
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Amir Tajbakhsh, Vanessa Bianconi, Matteo Pirro, Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat, Thomas P. Johnston, Amirhossein SahebkarThere is evidence of the critical role of efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) by phagocytes, in vascular cell homeostasis and protection against atherosclerosis. Specific microRNAs (miRs) can regulate atherogenesis by controlling the accumulation of professional phagocytes (e.g., macrophages) and nonprofessional phagocytes (i.e., neighboring tissue cells with the ability to acquire a macro...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 3, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Reassessing the Role of Diacylglycerols in Insulin Resistance
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Sisitha U. Jayasinghe, Aurel T. Tankeu, Francesca AmatiSkeletal muscle (SM) insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the burden of obesity, particularly because it leads to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Among the mechanisms thought to link IR to obesity is the accumulation, in muscle cells, of different lipid metabolites. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are subject of particular attention due to reported interactions with the insulin signaling cascade. Given that SM accounts for the majority of insulin-stimulat...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Reconstitution of Organismal Liver Clock Function Requires Light
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Takahito Miyake, Masao DoiRecently Koronowski et al. (Cell, 2019) showed that reconstitution of the liver circadian clock in otherwise genetically arrhythmic mice revives the daily program of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway and glycogenesis in vivo. This liver-autonomous metabolic cycling cannot be sustained under constant darkness, revealing the importance of the daily light cycle to restore liver function. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Antagonism between Antiviral Signaling and Glycolysis
Publication date: Available online 23 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Anoop Singh Chauhan, Li Zhuang, Boyi GanRIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated interferon production is critical for antiviral responses. A recent study (Zhang et al., Cell, 2019) uncovered a reciprocal inhibition between RLR signaling and glycolysis: lactate produced by glycolysis inhibits RLR signaling by binding to RLR signaling component mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS), whereas RLR activation suppresses glycolysis through inhibiting glycolysis enzyme hexokinase. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 24, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Changing Clinical Spectrum of Hypophysitis
Publication date: Available online 22 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Sabrina Chiloiro, Ettore Domenico Capoluongo, Tommaso Tartaglione, Antonella Giampietro, Antonio Bianchi, Andrea Giustina, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Laura De MarinisHypophysitis is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease, characterized by an elevated risk of complications, such as occurrence of acute central hypoadrenalism, persistent hypopituitarism, or extension of the inflammatory process to the neighboring neurological structures. In recent years, a large number of patients have been described as being affected by hy...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Role of Diacylglycerol Kinases in Glucose and Energy Homeostasis
Publication date: Available online 19 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Julie Massart, Juleen R. ZierathDiacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) catalyze a reaction that converts diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). DAG and PA act as intermediates of de novo lipid synthesis, cellular membrane constituents, and signaling molecules. DGK isoforms regulate a variety of intracellular processes by terminating DAG signaling and activating PA-mediated pathways. The ten DGK isoforms are unique, not only structurally, but also in tissue-specific expression profiles, subcellular localization, regulatory ...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 19, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 30, Issue 8Author(s): (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 17, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Subscription and Copyright Information
Publication date: August 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 30, Issue 8Author(s): (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 17, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Epigenetics and Exercise
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Sean L. McGee, Mark HargreavesEpigenetics can be defined as ‘the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions so as to register, signal, or perpetuate altered activity states.’ Increased transcription of key regulatory, metabolic, and myogenic genes is an early response to exercise and is important in mediating subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle. DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation are emerging as important crucial events for increased transcription. The complex interactions between multiple epigenet...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 4, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Interactive and Multifactorial Mechanisms of Calcific Vascular and Valvular Disease
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Linda L. Demer, Yin TintutCalcific vascular and valvular disease (CVVD) is widespread and has major health consequences. Although coronary artery calcification has long been associated with hyperlipidemia and increased mortality, recent evidence suggests that its progression is increased in association with cholesterol-lowering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (‘statins’) and long-term, high-intensity exercise. A nationwide trial showed no cardiovascular benefit of vitamin D supplements. Controversy remains as to whether ca...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 4, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research