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Distinct Roles of the NAD+-Sirt1 and FAD-LSD1 Pathways in Metabolic Response and Tissue Development
Publication date: Available online 28 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Mitsuyoshi Nakao, Kotaro Anan, Hirotaka Araki, Shinjiro HinoVarious nutritional signals are transduced by two epigenetic pathways: NAD-dependent sirtuin Sirt1 (NAD+-Sirt1) deacetylase and flavin adenine dinucleotide–dependent lysine-specific demethylase 1 (FAD-LSD1). These pathways are controlled by dietary vitamins and nutrient-responsive hormones such as glucocorticoids and insulin, resulting in endocrine–metabolism–epigenome cooperation in adipocyte and skeletal muscle development. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

A Century of Diabetes Technology: Signals, Models, and Artificial Pancreas Control
Publication date: Available online 28 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Boris KovatchevArguably, diabetes mellitus is one of the best-quantified human conditions: elaborate in silico models describe the action of the human metabolic system; real-time signals such as continuous glucose monitoring are readily available; insulin delivery is being automated; and control algorithms are capable of optimizing blood glucose fluctuation in patients’ natural environments. The transition of the artificial pancreas (AP) to everyday clinical use is happening now, and is contingent upon seamless concerted ...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Whys and Hows of Calculating Total Cellular ATP Production Rate
Publication date: Available online 27 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Megan E. Handel, Martin D. Brand, Shona A. MookerjeeQuantifying total cellular ATP production rate has become easier with recent technology and is essential to understanding energy metabolism in cells and tissues. We review fundamental concepts for determining total cellular ATP production rate from measurements of oxygen consumption and acidification rates and discuss their application to answering biological questions. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 27, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Aligning the Paradoxical Role of Vitamin D in Gastrointestinal Immunity
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Margherita T. Cantorna, Connie J. Rogers, Juhi AroraInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and an immune-mediated attack against the commensal microbiota. Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that not only promotes calcium and phosphate absorption but also regulates immune function. The active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] has been shown to suppress symptoms of IBD by inhibiting T cell responses. Host protection from gastrointestinal infection depends...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 22, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Promises of Nanotherapeutics in Obesity
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Garrett I. Ash, Dongin Kim, Mahua ChoudhuryThe application of nanotechnology to medicine promises a wide range of new tools and possibilities, from earlier diagnostics and improved imaging, to better, more efficient, and more targeted therapies. This emerging field could help address obesity, with advances in drug delivery, nutraceuticals, and genetic and epigenetic therapeutics. Its application to obesity is still largely in the development phase. Here, we review the novel angle of nanotech applied to human consumable prod...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 22, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Host–Microbe Interplay in the Cardiometabolic Benefits of Dietary Polyphenols
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): F.F. Anhê, B.S.Y. Choi, J.R.B. Dyck, J.D. Schertzer, A. MarettePolyphenols are nonessential phytonutrients abundantly found in fruits and vegetables. A wealth of data from preclinical models and clinical trials consistently supports cardiometabolic benefits associated with dietary polyphenols in murine models and humans. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have shown that specific classes of polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidins (PACs) and ellagitannins, as well as the stilbenoid resveratrol, can alleviate several fea...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Adipocyte Metabolism and Insulin Signaling Perturbations: Insights from Genetics
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Max Friesen, Chad A. CowanInsulin resistance (IR) is a rapidly growing pandemic. It poses an enormous health burden given its comorbidity with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and other metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Adipose tissue has been established as a key regulator of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, with interest growing rapidly. Emerging evidence suggests that adipocytes play an important role in these afflictions and contribute to IR. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have begun to illuminate the...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 7, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The First Hormone: Adrenaline
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Yi RaoIt is not often that three misconceptions are associated with one molecule for more than a century. This is the case with adrenaline. The aim here is to clarify that adrenaline was the first hormone, with the discovery of its activity and chemical purification being prior to secretin. Adrenaline is the correct name given by Jōkichi Takamine, epinephrine being its inactive benzoyl derivative. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 5, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Hormetic Effects of Phytochemicals on Health and Longevity
Publication date: Available online 3 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Jan Martel, David M. Ojcius, Yun-Fei Ko, Po-Yuan Ke, Cheng-Yeu Wu, Hsin-Hsin Peng, John D. YoungCaloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and exercise activate defensive cellular responses such as autophagy, DNA repair, and the induction of antioxidant enzymes. These processes improve health and longevity by protecting cells and organs against damage, mutations, and reactive oxygen species. Consuming a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms can also improve health and longevity. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, pol...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 4, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Let’s Enter the Wonderful World of Immunometabolites
Publication date: Available online 3 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Kyra E. de Goede, Karl J. Harber, Jan Van den BosscheOver the past decade, cancer metabolism research taught us that metabolites are much more than intermediate or end products of metabolism. As such, the name ‘oncometabolite’ emerged. Immunometabolism research has developed tremendously over the past few years and, in analogy to the cancer metabolism field, the term ‘immunometabolite’ has been used for different metabolites and purposes. Here, we propose a definition for the term ‘immunometabolite’ and provide s...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 4, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Clocking In, Working Out: Circadian Regulation of Exercise Physiology
Publication date: Available online 2 May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Drew Duglan, Katja A. LamiaResearch over the past century indicates that the daily timing of physical activity impacts on both immediate performance and long-term training efficacy. Recently, several molecular connections between circadian clocks and exercise physiology have been identified. Circadian clocks are protein-based oscillators that enable anticipation of daily environmental cycles. Cell-autonomous clocks are present in almost all cells of the body, and their timing is set by a variety of internal and external sign...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 2, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Glutamine as an Essential Amino Acid for KRas-Driven Cancer Cells
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Elyssa Bernfeld, David A. FosterCancer cells consume glutamine, a nonessential amino acid (NEAA), at exceedingly high rates to fulfill their energetic and biosynthetic requirements for proliferation. Glutamine plays distinct roles from essential amino acids in cell cycle progression and in the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Furthermore, the need of cancer cells for glutamine can be exploited therapeutically – especially those driven by KRas. In this review we explore several distinct cellular roles ...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 28, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Editorial Board and Contents
Publication date: May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 30, Issue 5Author(s): (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 17, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Subscr. info + Copyrights
Publication date: May 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 30, Issue 5Author(s): (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 17, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Eating Rewards the Gears of the Clock
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Jorge MendozaEating behavior is regulated by metabolic and hedonic brain networks, which interact with each other to balance the physiological regulation of hunger and satiety. The daily balance of this regulation is controlled by the central circadian clock. Importantly, metabolic and reward properties of food impact the functioning of circadian clocks, altering the oscillatory activity of the molecular clockwork and circadian rhythms. However, when feeding (metabolic or reward) is timed, the whole circadian system is en...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - March 30, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research