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TEM at 30: Advancing Topics in Endocrinology
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): M. Beymer (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 25, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Energy Trade-offs in Host Defense: Immunology Meets Physiology
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Alexandre A. Steiner, Andrej A. RomanovskyHost defense relies not only on microbicidal mechanisms (resistance), but also on management of collateral damage (tolerance). Here, we discuss how this immunology concept converges with a physiology-born theory on the dichotomy of thermometabolic responses in infection (fever versus hypothermia), yielding a model of immunity that transcends discipline barriers. (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 25, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Endocrine Regulations in Human–Dog Coexistence through Domestication
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Takefumi Kikusui, Miho Nagasawa, Kensaku Nomoto, Sayaka Kuse-Arata, Kazutaka MogiEndocrine system regulation is important for the maintenance of homeostasis; it controls hormonal functions in complex physiology and behavior and adaptations to social environments. Evidence indicates that for more than 35 000 years, dogs (Canis familiaris) have been domesticated through living with humans. For example, they have acquired human-like social skills, such as eye gazing and pointing gestures. These unique behaviors are, at lea...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 24, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

A Metabolic Perspective on Reward Abnormalities in Anorexia Nervosa
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Philibert Duriez, Nicolas Ramoz, Philip Gorwood, Odile Viltart, Virginie TolleAnorexia nervosa (AN) is the psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate; however, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci associated with metabolic features in AN. Metabolic alterations that occur in AN have been mostly considered as consequences of the chronic undernutrition state but until recently have not been linked to...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 22, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

A Tale of Two Proteins: Betaglycan, IGSF1, and the Continuing Search for the Inhibin B Receptor
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Daniel J. Bernard, Courtney L. Smith, Emilie BrûléInhibins are gonadal hormones that suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis by pituitary gonadotrope cells. The structurally related activins stimulate FSH by signaling through complexes of type I and type II receptors. Two models of inhibin action were proposed in 2000. First, inhibins function as competitive receptor antagonists, binding activin type II receptors with high affinity in the presence of the TGF-β type III coreceptor, betaglycan. Second, im...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 22, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

What Is GLP-1 Really Doing in Obesity?
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Tohru Hira, Jukkrapong Pinyo, Hiroshi HaraGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal hormone released in response to meal ingestion and enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. In several human studies, GLP-1 secretory responses to oral glucose load or a meal were decreased in subjects with obesity, glucose intolerance, or diabetes compared with those in healthy subjects. However, the results of meta-analysis and cohort studies do not necessarily support this concept. Results from animal studies a...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 19, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Ghrelin Signaling: GOAT and GHS-R1a Take a LEAP in Complexity
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Alfonso Abizaid, James L. HouglandGhrelin and the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) are important targets for disorders related to energy balance and metabolic regulation. Pharmacological control of ghrelin signaling is a promising avenue to address health issues involving appetite, weight gain, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, and may be an option for patients suffering from wasting conditions like cachexia. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the biochemistry of ghrelin and GHS...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 19, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

NAFLD and Atherosclerosis: Two Sides of the Same Dysmetabolic Coin?
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Daniela Stols-Gonçalves, G. Kees Hovingh, Max Nieuwdorp, Adriaan G. HolleboomThe prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly increasing and may put patients at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD). Both disease phenotypes often co-occur, in the case of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, and the metabolic syndrome. We explore the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the epidemiology of asCVD in NAFLD patients, shared drivers of both phenotypes, and factors cause...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 18, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Neuronal Cell Cycle Events Link Caloric Intake to Obesity
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Niloy Iqbal, LIang Zhu, Streamson C. ChuaObesity is a neurological disorder that operates by favoring energy storage within adipose depots and increased caloric intake. Most cases of human obesity are acquired without any underlying genetic basis. Here, we suggest that obesity can impair the function of some hypothalamic neurons critical to body weight regulation. Genetic ablation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene within pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons leads to death of the neurons and subsequent obesity. The Rb prote...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 18, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Complexity of Making Ubiquinone
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Ying Wang, Siegfried HekimiUbiquinone (UQ, coenzyme Q) is an essential electron transfer lipid in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a main source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also has antioxidant properties. This mix of characteristics is why ubiquinone supplementation is considered a potential therapy for many diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway are increasingly being identified in patients. Furthermore, secondary ubiquinone defici...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 9, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Emerging Molecular Targets for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Ze Chen, Yao Yu, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang LiIn parallel with the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Disequilibrium of lipid metabolism and the subsequent metabolic-stress-induced inflammation are believed to be central in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Of note, metabolic inflammation is primarily mediated by innate immune signaling, which is increasingly recognized as a driving force in NAFLD progression. Currently, a series of agents targ...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 6, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Natural Killer Cells as Sensors of Adipose Tissue Stress
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Johan Fernø, Kristina Strand, Gunnar Mellgren, Natalie Stiglund, Niklas K. BjörkströmAdipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) orchestrate low-grade chronic adipose tissue inflammation, linking obesity and insulin resistance. Whereas factors contributing to macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue are established, little is known regarding signals that link adipocyte stress to proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized innate lymphocytes that identify and respond to stressed cells. I...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 6, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Clinical/Translational Aspects of Advanced Glycation End-Products
Publication date: Available online 6 October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Chang Zeng, Yuanyuan Li, Jingzhi Ma, Lina Niu, Franklin R. TayAdvanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been implicated in chronic hyperglycemia and age-related diseases. Endogenous AGEs produced by humans generate oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways via AGE-specific receptors. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the pathogenic role of AGEs in chronic noncommunicable diseases. Although correlations exist between glycation and the pathogenesis of these diseases, uncertainti...
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 6, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Editorial Board and Contents
Publication date: October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 30, Issue 10Author(s): (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

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Publication date: October 2019Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 30, Issue 10Author(s): (Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research