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The role and utility of faecal markers in inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by periods of symptomatic relapse and remission. Diagnosis and assessment of inflammatory bowel disease has so far been based on clinical evaluation, serum parameters, radiology and endoscopy. Faecal markers such as calprotectin or lactoferrin have emerged as new diagnostic tools to detect and monitor intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on their potential clinical applications and limitations in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 11, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lehmann, F. S., Burri, E., Beglinger, C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The emerging role of miRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease: a review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is believed to develop as a result of a deregulated inflammatory response to environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite advances in understanding the genetic risks of IBD, associated single nucleotide polymorphisms have low penetrance, monozygotic twin studies suggest a low concordance rate, and increasing worldwide IBD incidence leave gaps in our understanding of IBD heritability and highlight the importance of environmental influences. Operating at the interface between environment and heritable molecul...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 11, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Chapman, C. G., Pekow, J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Acknowledgements
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Acknowledgements Source Type: research

Colic and gastric over-the-scope clip (Ovesco) for the treatment of a large duodenal perforation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Donatelli, G., Dumont, J.-L., Vergeau, B. M., Chiche, R., Quioc, J.-J., Tuszynski, T., Meduri, B. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

An 'omental patch' created during over-the-scope clipping completely sealed a duodenal perforation after endoultrasonography
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mangiavillano, B., Morandi, E., Arena, M., Santoro, T., Masci, E. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Using balloon-overtube-assisted enteroscopy for postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
We present the technical aspects of performing ERCP with the BOAE in patients presenting with complex postsurgical anatomy having biliary problems. ERCP using the BOAE is feasible in patients with complex postsurgical anatomy, permitting diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in 80% of patients. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Skinner, M., Velazquez-Avina, J., Monkemuller, K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The role of obesity in oesophageal cancer development
The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased dramatically in the developed world in the last half century. Over approximately the same period there has been an increase in the prevalence of obesity. Multiple epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have confirmed that obesity, especially abdominal, visceral obesity, is a risk factor for gastro-oesophageal reflux, Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Although visceral obesity enhances gastro-oesophageal reflux, the available data also show that visceral obesity increases the risk of Barrett’s oesophagus and adenocarcinoma via reflux...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Long, E., Beales, I. L. P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Assessing bowel preparation quality using the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy
Conclusions: We found that MNA is sensitive to changes in bowel preparation with higher MNA among those with good bowel preparation compared with those with poor preparation. Our evidence suggests MNA was particularly sensitive when restricted to only those in whom adenomas were seen. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Hillyer, G. C., Lebwohl, B., Rosenberg, R. M., Neugut, A. I., Wolf, R., Basch, C. H., Mata, J., Hernandez, E., Corley, D. A., Shea, S., Basch, C. E. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Avoiding analgesic escalation and excessive healthcare utilization in severe irritable bowel syndrome: a role for intramuscular anticholinergics?
Conclusions: The use of intramuscular hyoscine butylbromide shows promise in the management of IBS when severe unmanageable abdominal pain is a major problem. This approach appears to be safe and has the potential to reduce analgesic escalation, opiate dependency and attendances at accident and emergency departments. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 28, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Pearson, J. S., Pollard, C., Whorwell, P. J. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Acute liver function decompensation in a patient with sickle cell disease managed with exchange transfusion and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
We describe a case of a 16-year-old female with homozygous sickle cell anemia who presented to the emergency room with fatigue, malaise, dark urine, lower back pain, scleral icterus and jaundice. She was found to have marked hyperbilirubinemia, which persisted after exchange transfusion. Because of the concomitant presence of gallstones and choledocholithiasis, the patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound and laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and sphincterotomy. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - July 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Papafragkakis, H., Ona, M. A., Changela, K., Sadanandan, S., Jelin, A., Anand, S., Duddempudi, S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Management of variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage remains the most common medical emergency managed by gastroenterologists. Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with liver cirrhosis can be grouped into two categories: the first includes lesions that arise by virtue of portal hypertension, namely gastroesophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy; and the second includes lesions seen in the general population (peptic ulcer, erosive gastritis, reflux esophagitis, Mallory–Weiss syndrome, tumors, etc.). Emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the standard procedure recommended for both diag...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - July 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cremers, I., Ribeiro, S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Advances in the management of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: the role of linaclotide
Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is a commonly prevalent and clinically challenging disorder to treat. Until recently, most therapeutic agents had limited ability to address the complexity of symptoms inherent to the syndrome. The development of linaclotide provides a physiologically sound approach to treatment of the multiple symptoms of IBS-C. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of linaclotide, and a platform to better understand the symptomatology of IBS-C. Based on recent clinical evidence, linaclotide should be considered for patients with IBS-C because it improves abdominal pain and bowe...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - July 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Yu, S. W. B., Rao, S. S. C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Randomized, controlled pilot study comparing large-volume paracentesis using wall suction and traditional glass vacuum bottle methods
Conclusion: Performing LVP using wall suction resulted in significantly shorter procedure time and supply cost savings. There were no differences in outcomes between the groups, suggesting equivalent safety, though larger studies powered to detect small differences are needed. Given its efficiency, convenience, and cost effectiveness, wall suction may be a superior method of ascites drainage for LVP. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - July 1, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Konerman, M. A., Price, J., Torres, D., Li, Z. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Elobixibat and its potential role in chronic idiopathic constipation
Chronic idiopathic constipation is highly prevalent among adults. Bile acids (BAs) and the enterohepatic BA circulation modulate colonic secretion and motility that affect transit. BAs in the colon have a dual action as osmotic and stimulant agents. Newer agents, such as elobixibat (A3309), an inhibitor of the ileal BA transporter, have the potential to improve significantly the management of chronic constipation, with minimal adverse effects. Elobixibat modulates the enterohepatic BA circulation, enhancing the delivery of BAs to the colon where they induce secretory and motor effects. Secondary effects of the inhibition o...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - May 27, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Acosta, A., Camilleri, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Colonic smooth muscle cells and colonic motility patterns as a target for irritable bowel syndrome therapy: mechanisms of action of otilonium bromide
This article examines how. OB inhibits the main patterns of human sigmoid motility in vitro, which are spontaneous rhythmic phasic contractions, smooth muscle tone, contractions induced by stimulation of excitatory motor neurons and contractions induced by direct effect of excitatory neurotransmitters. It does this mainly by blocking calcium influx through L-type calcium channels and interfering with mobilization of cellular calcium required for smooth muscle contraction, thereby limiting excessive intestinal contractility and abdominal cramping. OB also inhibits T-type calcium channels and muscarinic responses. Finally, O...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - May 27, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Rychter, J., Espin, F., Gallego, D., Vergara, P., Jimenez, M., Clave, P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research