Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Management of patients with faecal incontinence
Faecal incontinence, defined as the involuntary loss of solid or liquid stool, is a common problem affecting 0.8–8.3% of the adult population. Individuals suffering from faecal incontinence often live a restricted life with reduced quality of life. The present paper is a clinically oriented review of the pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment of faecal incontinence. First-line therapy should be conservative and usually include dietary adjustments, fibre supplement, constipating agents or mini enemas. Biofeedback therapy to improve external anal sphincter function can be offered but the evidence for long-term effec...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Duelund-Jakobsen, J., Worsoe, J., Lundby, L., Christensen, P., Krogh, K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The role of ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with gastrointestinal disease
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of nutritional anemia worldwide. Iron plays a pivotal role in vital functioning of almost every organ system. IDA affects both physical and psychological functioning of humans. Oral iron is considered as first-line therapy for the treatment of IDA due to low cost, good safety profile and ease of administration. However, the absorption of oral iron is affected by several factors and incidence of gastrointestinal side effects can lead to lack of adherence to therapy as well as poor efficacy. This has led to the emergence of intravenous iron therapy which is clearly superio...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Koduru, P., Abraham, B. P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

A gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agent: the heat-treated Lactobacillus LB
Experimental in vitro and in vivo studies support the hypothesis that heat-treated, lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus LB cells and concentrated, neutralized spent culture medium conserve the variety of pharmacological, antimicrobial activities of the live probiotic strain against several infectious agents involved in well-established acute and persistent watery diarrhoea and gastritis. Heat-treated cells and heat-stable secreted molecules trigger multiple strain-specific activities explaining the therapeutic efficacy of L. acidophilus LB. This review discusses the current body of knowledge on the antimicrobial mechanis...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lievin-Le Moal, V. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Blue laser imaging endoscopy system for the early detection and characterization of colorectal lesions: a guide for the endoscopist
Blue laser imaging is a new system for image-enhanced endoscopy using laser light. Blue laser imaging utilizes two monochromatic lasers (410 and 450 nm) instead of xenon light. A 410 nm laser visualizes vascular microarchitecture, similar to narrow band imaging, and a 450 nm laser provides white light by excitation. According to three recently published reports, the diagnostic ability of polyp characterization using blue laser imaging compares favorably with narrow band imaging. No published data are available to date regarding polyp detection with blue laser imaging. However, blue laser imaging has the possibility to incr...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Togashi, K., Nemoto, D., Utano, K., Isohata, N., Kumamoto, K., Endo, S., Lefor, A. K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The potential utility of tight junction regulation in celiac disease: focus on larazotide acetate
Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic immune disease triggered by gluten. Gliadin peptides pass through the epithelial layers, either paracellularly or transcellularly, to launch a potent adaptive immune response in the lamina propria. This aberrant immune response leads to diverse gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal symptoms. Currently, the only treatment for CD is a strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), which can be challenging. An early effect of gluten in CD is an increase in gut permeability. Larazotide acetate, also known as AT-1001, is a synthetic peptide developed as a permeability regula...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Khaleghi, S., Ju, J. M., Lamba, A., Murray, J. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Ustekinumab for the treatment of Crohns disease: can it find its niche?
Crohn’s disease is an immune-mediated disease that results in panenteric chronic inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to an appropriate environment. The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of an important class of drugs known as anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Unfortunately, the utility of these agents have been hampered by primary and secondary nonresponse in a significant proportion of patients. Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody to the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL) 12 and 23, is a novel pharmacotherapy for this patient cohort th...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Simon, E. G., Ghosh, S., Iacucci, M., Moran, G. W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy for acute cholecystitis with an anti-stent migration and anti-food impaction system; a pilot study
Conclusion: Our technique may be favorable and effective for the prevention of adverse events on EUS-GBD. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Takagi, W., Ogura, T., Sano, T., Onda, S., Okuda, A., Masuda, D., Imoto, A., Takeuchi, T., Fukunishi, S., Higuchi, K. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Degree of concordance between single balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after an initial positive capsule endoscopy finding
Conclusion: CE still remains the initial test of choice in evaluating stable patients with OBGIB since it has strong-to-fair concordance for the major small bowel findings. However, in cases of severe overt small bowel bleeding, balloon-assisted enteroscopy can be considered the initial procedure of choice since it is therapeutic as well as diagnostic and this approach avoids delays in treatment. Further research should focus on methods to improve interpretation of CE and enhance the ability to evaluate the entire small bowel with SBE. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Shiani, A., Nieves, J., Lipka, S., Patel, B., Kumar, A., Brady, P. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Practice patterns in NAFLD and NASH: real life differs from published guidelines
Conclusion: This survey suggests that clinical practice patterns among gastroenterologists and hepatologists for the management of NASH frequently diverge from published practice guidelines. Although liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose NASH, less than 25% of respondents routinely require it to make the diagnosis of NASH. We conclude that NASH is underdiagnosed in gastroenterology and hepatology practices, highlighting the need to refine noninvasive diagnostic tools. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - December 23, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Rinella, M. E., Lominadze, Z., Loomba, R., Charlton, M., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Caldwell, S. H., Kowdley, K., Harrison, S. A. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Acknowledgements
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 13, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Acknowledgements Source Type: research

Therapeutic potential of ultrasound microbubbles in gastrointestinal oncology: recent advances and future prospects
Microbubbles were initially invented as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. However, lately more and more therapeutic applications of microbubbles are emerging, mostly related to drug and gene delivery. Ultrasound is a safe and noninvasive therapeutic modality which has the unique ability to interact with microbubbles and release their payload in situ in addition to permeabilizing the target tissues. The combination of drug-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound has been used in preclinical studies on blood–brain barrier opening, drug and gene delivery to solid tumors, and ablation of blood vessels. This review cover...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 13, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Khokhlova, T. D., Haider, Y., Hwang, J. H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Ramucirumab for advanced gastric cancer or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Ramucirumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, is the first targeted agent to have demonstrated an improvement in survival, as a single agent or in combination, in a molecularly unselected population in gastro-oesophageal cancer. Now that second-line treatment is routinely considered for patients with advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer, ramucirumab, with its favourable toxicity profile compared with cytotoxic treatment, provides a valuable additional treatment option. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 13, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Young, K., Smyth, E., Chau, I. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Evolving paradigms in the treatment of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction
In conclusion, opioid antagonists restricted to the periphery show promising results, but use of different definitions and outcome measures complicate comparison. However, an international working group has recently suggested a consensus definition for opioid-induced constipation and relevant outcome measures have also been proposed. If investigators within this field adapt the suggested consensus and include symptoms related to dysfunction of the upper gut, it will ease comparison and be a step forward in future research. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 13, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Poulsen, J. L., Brock, C., Olesen, A. E., Nilsson, M., Drewes, A. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Crohn's disease: a clinical update
Crohn’s disease is increasing in prevalence worldwide. It arises from a complex interplay between both genetic predisposition and environmental influence. A search of databases and clinical practice guidelines was performed to provide the most up-to-date evidence-based approach for diagnosing and managing patients with Crohn’s disease. No single gold standard investigation exists. Whilst full ileocolonoscopy with biopsies remains the mainstay for diagnosis, other less invasive imaging modalities are being actively considered in the workup, as well as the use of serological markers. Management should incorporate...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 13, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ha, F., Khalil, H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Combined radiological-endoscopic management of difficult bile duct stones: 18-year single center experience
Conclusion: After 18 years of experience we demonstrated that our combined radiological–endoscopic approach to ‘difficult bile duct stones‘ may result in both immediate and long-term clearance of stones with a low rate of adverse events. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - October 13, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cannavale, A., Bezzi, M., Cereatti, F., Lucatelli, P., Fanello, G., Salvatori, F. M., Fanelli, F., Fiocca, F., Donatelli, G. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research