Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Novel perspectives on therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota
The gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of health and, when disrupted, may drive gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal disease. This can occur through direct pathways such as interaction with the epithelial barrier and mucosal immune system or indirectly via production of metabolites. There is no current curative therapy for chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, which are complex multifactorial disorders involving genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers. Therapies are directed to suppress inflammation rather than the driver, and these approaches are not devoid of adve...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: McCarville, J. L., Caminero, A., Verdu, E. F. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Epigenetic therapy in gastrointestinal cancer: the right combination
We present the strategies employed in incorporating these drugs into the treatment of GI cancers, and explain the concept of the cancer stem cell in epigenetic reprogramming and reversal of chemo resistance. We discuss the most promising combination strategies in GI cancers including: (1) epigenetic sensitization to radiotherapy, (2) epigenetic sensitization to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (3) epigenetic immune modulation and priming for immune therapy. Finally, we present preclinical and clinical trial data employing these strategies thus far in various GI cancers including colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic c...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Abdelfatah, E., Kerner, Z., Nanda, N., Ahuja, N. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Current approaches for optimizing the benefit of biologic therapy in ulcerative colitis
As biologic-based medication options for ulcerative colitis expand, our understanding of their optimal use in clinical practice is advancing as well. The appropriate use of combination therapy with immunomodulators can reduce the immunogenicity of biologic agents and raise serum drug levels of the biologic. A treat-to-target strategy with objective assessments of disease activity clearly defines the goals of biologic drug treatment. Mucosal healing is an evolving treatment goal and is associated with long-term remission and reduced incidence of colectomy. Furthermore, regular reassessments and therapeutic drug monitoring c...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Sofia, M. A., Rubin, D. T. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Stem cell-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: promises and pitfalls
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, often relapsing, condition that deeply impacts the quality of life for many patients. Although there have been significant advances in medical treatments, a large proportion of patients become refractory to available therapeutic options. Stem-cell therapy through hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) is a promising therapeutic option for severe refractory cases especially when surgery is not feasible. In HSC transplantation, the objective is to destroy the ‘autoreactive’ immune cells responsible for disease chronicity, and to re...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Duran, N. E., Hommes, D. W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Mongersen, an oral Smad7 antisense oligonucleotide, in patients with active Crohns disease
In Crohn’s disease (CD), the tissue-damaging inflammation is sustained by defects of counter-regulatory mechanisms, which normally inhibit immune-inflammatory signals and promote repair of mucosal injury. In particular, in inflamed gut of CD patients there are elevated levels of Smad7, an intracellular protein that inhibits the function of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Knockdown of Smad7 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide, named mongersen, restores TGF-β1 activity thus leading to suppression of inflammatory pathways and resolution of colitis in mice. Consistently, oral administration of monger...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ardizzone, S., Bevivino, G., Monteleone, G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Predicting durable response or resistance to antitumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have become a mainstay of the therapeutic armamentarium in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over the last 15 years. Although highly effective, primary and secondary nonresponse are common and associated with poor clinical outcomes and significant costs. Multiple clinical, genetic and immunopharmacological factors may impact the response to anti-TNFs. Early stratification of IBD patients by the expected risk of therapeutic failure during the induction and maintenance phases of treatment may allow for treatment optimization and potentially optimal short- and long-term outc...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kopylov, U., Seidman, E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The clinical potential of etrolizumab in ulcerative colitis: hypes and hopes
Antiadhesion molecules are effective and safe in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Etrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting both α4β7 and αEβ7, represents a promising therapy for patients with UC, since this novel mechanism of action may be effective in blocking leukocyte recruitment both at the vascular and at the mucosal level. Preliminary studies show that etrolizumab is effective in inducing clinical response and remission, and mucosal healing. Moreover, new predictors of response have recently been identified, opening the way to a tailored therapeutic approach. This review of the literat...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Fiorino, G., Gilardi, D., Danese, S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The association between socioeconomic status and the symptoms at diagnosis of celiac disease: a retrospective cohort study
Conclusions: Patients with nonclassical symptoms of celiac disease are less likely to be diagnosed if they are of lower socioeconomic status. Celiac disease may be under-recognized in this population due to socioeconomic factors that possibly include lower rates of health-seeking behavior and access to healthcare. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Roy, A., Mehra, S., Kelly, C. P., Tariq, S., Pallav, K., Dennis, M., Peer, A., Lebwohl, B., Green, P. H. R., Leffler, D. A. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Predictors of pain response in patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound-guided neurolysis for abdominal pain caused by pancreatic cancer
Conclusions: EUS-BPN in combination with EUS-CGN was a predictor of a good pain response in EUS-guided neurolysis for pancreatic cancer-related pain. The larger number of neurolytic/contrast spread areas may lead to better outcomes in patients receiving combination treatment. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Minaga, K., Kitano, M., Sakamoto, H., Miyata, T., Imai, H., Yamao, K., Kamata, K., Omoto, S., Kadosaka, K., Sakurai, T., Nishida, N., Chiba, Y., Kudo, M. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Cost-effectiveness analysis of rifaximin-{alpha} administration for the reduction of episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy in recurrence compared with standard treatment in France
Conclusion: For the societal willingness to pay threshold of 27,000 per QALY gained, rifaximin-α in combination with lactulose is a cost-effective and affordable treatment for patients who have experienced at least two prior overt HE episodes. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kabeshova, A., Ben Hariz, S., Tsakeu, E., Benamouzig, R., Launois, R. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Probiotics modify tight-junction proteins in an animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Conclusions: Supplementation with a multispecies probiotic formulation helped to maintain tight-junction proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2, and reduced hepatic triglyceride concentration compared with a high-fat diet alone. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Briskey, D., Heritage, M., Jaskowski, L.-A., Peake, J., Gobe, G., Subramaniam, V. N., Crawford, D., Campbell, C., Vitetta, L. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Ipilimumab-induced colitis: experience from a tertiary referral center
Conclusions: The rate of diarrhoea related to ipilimumab in real-world practice is substantial, but below the range observed in data from RCTs. Grade 1 colitis can usually be managed symptomatically, without recourse to stopping ipilimumab. When diarrhoea was grade 2 or above, results from glucocorticosteroids use proved disappointing; but infliximab has been shown to work well. Further research is required into the earlier use of infliximab as an effective treatment for ipilimumab-induced diarrhoea. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: OConnor, A., Marples, M., Mulatero, C., Hamlin, J., Ford, A. C. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Low-dose azathioprine is effective in maintaining remission in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: results from a territory-wide Chinese population-based IBD registry
Conclusions: In the Chinese population, low-dose AZA is effective for maintaining remission in steroid-dependent UC patients. Standard-dose AZA was associated with more than threefold increased risk of leukopenia. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Shi, H. Y., Chan, F. K. L., Leung, W. K., Li, M. K. K., Leung, C. M., Sze, S. F., Ching, J. Y. L., Lo, F. H., Tsang, S. W. C., Shan, E. H. S., Mak, L. Y., Lam, B. C. Y., Hui, A. J., Chow, W. H., Wong, M. T. L., Hung, I. F. N., Hui, Y. T., Chan, Y. K., Cha Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Systematic review: third-line susceptibility-guided treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection
Conclusions: SGT may be an acceptable option as rescue treatment. However, cure rates are, at best, moderate and this approach has never been compared with a well-devised empirical therapy. The evidence in favor of SGT as rescue therapy is currently insufficient to recommend its use. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Puig, I., Lopez-Gongora, S., Calvet, X., Villoria, A., Baylina, M., Sanchez-Delgado, J., Suarez, D., Garcia-Hernando, V., Gisbert, J. P. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer: an ongoing debate
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology - June 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Russo, S., Wasif Saif, M. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research