“A joke a day keeps the doctor away?” Meta‐analytical evidence of differential associations of habitual humor styles with mental health
Humor and mental health are interconnected as is evidenced by a large number of studies. However, associations are only small and inconsistent as the operationalization of humor poses a methodological challenge. The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) differentiates four humor styles that might be beneficial or harmful to mental health. The aim of the present study was to meta‐analytically aggregate studies using the HSQ to assess the associations of different humor styles with four areas of mental health (self‐esteem, life satisfaction, optimism, depression). An extensive electronic database literature search identified ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Martha Schneider, Martin Voracek, Ulrich S. Tran Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
The wisdom of the body: Listeners' autonomic arousal distinguishes between spontaneous and posed vocal emotions
It has been the matter of much debate whether perceivers are able to distinguish spontaneous vocal expressions of emotion from posed vocal expressions (e.g., emotion portrayals). In this experiment, we show that such discrimination can be manifested in the autonomic arousal of listeners during implicit processing of vocal emotions. Participants (N = 21, age: 20–55 years) listened to two consecutive blocks of brief voice clips and judged the gender of the speaker in each clip, while we recorded three measures of sympathetic arousal of the autonomic nervous system (skin conductance level, mean arterial blood pressure, puls...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patrik N. Juslin, L ászló Harmat, Petri Laukka Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Sub ‐dimensions of trait emotional intelligence and health: A critical and systematic review of the literature
Despite a growing number of studies on the role of the multidimensional construct of trait emotional intelligence (EI) in health, most have focused on global EI, without examining the role of the sub‐dimensions. The present systematic review aimed to highlight the current knowledge about self‐reported health associated with trait‐EI sub‐dimensions in general and clinical populations. We searched for the articles including valid self‐report scales of trait‐EI and health (mental or physical or general) in general and clinical samples. Based on 42 studies, the majority of studies was based on mental health with cr...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anne ‐Sophie Baudry, Delphine Grynberg, Charlotte Dassonneville, Sophie Lelorain, Véronique Christophe Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Sub ‐dimensions of trait emotional intelligence and health: A critical and systematic review of the literature
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,Volume 59, Issue 2, Page 206-222, April 2018. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 31, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
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Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,Volume 59, Issue 2, Page 206-222, April 2018. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 31, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Stress reactions following acute situations involving moral challenges among health care professionals
Conclusion: the results largely supported the model concepts and their assumed relationships. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gerry Larsson, Sofia Nilsson, Peder Hyllengren, Alicia Ohlsson, Gudmund Waaler, Kjell Kallenberg Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Stress reactions following acute situations involving moral challenges among health care professionals
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,Volume 59, Issue 2, Page 177-185, April 2018. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
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Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,Volume 59, Issue 2, Page 177-185, April 2018. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Towards a theory of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS): A meta ‐analysis and discussion of using MRS to measure changes in neurotransmitters in real time
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate neurochemistry and physiology in vivo. Recently researchers have started to use MRS to measure neurotransmitter changes related to neural activity, so called functional MRS (fMRS). Particular interest has been placed on measuring glutamate changes associated with neural function, but differences are reported in the size of changes seen. This review discusses fMRS, and includes meta‐analyses of the relative size of glutamate changes seen in fMRS, and the impact experimental design and stimulus paradigm may have. On average glutamate was found to inc...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Paul G. Mullins Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Principles of cross ‐network communication in human resting state fMRI
Directed signaling among and within the large‐scale networks of the human brain is functionally critical. Recent advances in our understanding of spontaneous fluctuations of the fMRI BOLD signal have provided strategies to study the spatial‐temporal properties of directed signaling at infra‐slow frequencies. Herein we explore the relationship between two canonical systems of the human brain, the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN) whose anti‐correlated relationship is well known but poorly understood. We find that within the DMN, activity moves from retrosplenial to prefrontal cortex w...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anish Mitra, Marcus E. Raichle Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The functional and structural asymmetries of the superior temporal sulcus
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is an anatomical structure that increasingly interests researchers. This structure appears to receive multisensory input and is involved in several perceptual and cognitive core functions, such as speech perception, audiovisual integration, (biological) motion processing and theory of mind capacities. In addition, the superior temporal sulcus is not only one of the longest sulci of the brain, but it also shows marked functional and structural asymmetries, some of which have only been found in humans. To explore the functional‐structural relationships of these asymmetries in more detail,...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karsten Specht, Philip Wigglesworth Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
How to get a left ‐ear advantage: A technical review of assessing brain asymmetry with dichotic listening
The dichotic‐listening paradigm with verbal stimuli is a widely employed behavioral task for the assessment of hemispheric asymmetry for speech and language processing. Participants with assumed left‐hemispheric dominance report the right‐ear stimulus with higher probability than the left‐ear stimulus. However, there is substantial between‐subject and trial‐to‐trial variability observed in the paradigm, motivating scrutiny of the task set‐up and theoretical models. Here, we give an in‐depth discussion of specific features of stimulus material and experimental parameters, as well as the conditions of stimu...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ren é Westerhausen, Kristiina Kompus Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Cognitive control in the prefrontal cortex: A central or distributed executive?
Cognitive control is the foundation for attaining goals by flexible adaptation of action to changing environmental demands. It has been hypothesized to be critically dependent upon the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this mini‐review, evidence for domain‐general versus domain‐specific cognitive control is examined, with a particular focus on attention and memory. The reviewed studies examined different levels of cognitive control in relation to performance and patterns of brain activity, and a few included direct comparisons of cognitive‐control modulations across cognitive domains. Within domains, increased demands on...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lars Nyberg Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Training switching focus with a mobile ‐application by a patient suffering from AVH, a case report
We describe the use of a cognitive trainings app by a young woman with highly resistant hallucinations. With modest training, a significant decrease in the duration of hallucinations was reached. Possibilities of this training technique are discussed. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lucia Visser, Igne Sinkeviciute, Iris E. Sommer, Josef J. Bless Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The research evidence for schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts very early. In this review we describe the empirical evidence for the neurodevelopmental model. First, by outlining the roots of psychological research that laid the foundation of the model. Thereafter, describing cognitive dysfunction observed in schizophrenia, and the course of cognitive functioning in the illness. Then, research findings that speak for and studies that speak against the view that schizophrenia is a degenerative process is discussed. We find that there is ample evidence that cognitive disturbance is a core element in schizophrenia. However, we ha...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bjorn Rishovd Rund Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
