Processes in acceptance and commitment therapy and the rehabilitation of chronic fatigue
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has never been tested for patients with chronic fatigue. We aimed to test if a 3.5‐week ACT rehabilitation program for patients with chronic fatigue improved quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and psychological flexibility. Further, to test if improvements in QoL and fatigue were associated with improvement in psychological flexibility, and if psychological flexibility explained variance above and beyond maladaptive cognitions typically targeted in CBT for fatigue. Patients (n = 140) who had been on sick leave > 8 weeks due to chronic fatigue received a 3.5‐week non‐controlled ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - May 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Henrik B ørsting Jacobsen, Håvard Kallestad, Nils Inge Landrø, Petter C. Borchgrevink, Tore C. Stiles Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Flashbulb memories of the Paris attacks
Flashbulb memories are vivid autobiographical memories of the circumstances where an individual first learns about emotionally significant public events. Our paper assesses whether these memories were triggered by the attacks of Friday 13 November 2015 in Paris. Two hundred and ninety‐one participants answered a web‐based questionnaire that assessed their memory of the circumstances in which they first learned of the attacks. The questionnaire also assessed vividness, rehearsal, emotion, surprise and novelty. The results showed substantial and vivid recall of the context in which the participants first learned of the e...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 25, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marie ‐Charlotte Gandolphe, Mohamad El Haj Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale differentially relate to the Big Five factors of personality
The place of impulsiveness in multidimensional personality frameworks is still unclear. In particular, no consensus has yet been reached with regard to the relation of impulsiveness to Neuroticism and Extraversion. We aim to contribute to a clearer understanding of these relationships by accounting for the multidimensional structure of impulsiveness. In three independent studies, we related the subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) to the Big Five factors of personality. Study 1 investigated the associations between the BIS subscales and the Big Five factors as measured by the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 18, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Florian Lange, Adina Wagner, Astrid M üller, Frank Eggert Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
“To‐be‐forgotten” statements become less true: memory processes involved in selection and forgetting lead to truthfulness changes of ambiguous sentences
In this study, we use the item‐method directed forgetting paradigm to test the effects of memory selection and inhibition on truth judgments of ambiguous sentences. We expected the relative standing of an item in the task (i.e., whether it was instructed to be remembered or forgotten) to affect the truthfulness value of that item, making TBF items less valid/truthful than TBR items. As predicted, ambiguous sentences associated with a “Forget” cue were subsequently judged as less true than sentences associated with a “Remember” cue, suggesting that instructions to intentionally forget a statement can produce chang...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ana Sofia Santos, T ânia Ramos, Leonel Garcia‐Marques, Paula Carneiro Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Swedish women's perceptions of and conformity to feminine norms
Every society has its socially enforced rules of what constitutes appropriate “masculine” and “feminine” behavior. These rules, referred to as gender role norms, have a profound impact on people's lives and. The Swedish society is one of the most gender equal societies worldwide, and this is likely to affect the way gender role norms are constructed. Hence, the present research aimed to investigate Swedish women's perceptions of, and conformity to, feminine norms. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johanna Kling, Kristina Holmqvist Gattario, Ann Fris én Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Assessing PTSD in the military: Validation of a scale distributed to Danish soldiers after deployment since 1998
In conclusion, we find that PRIM‐PTSD is a valid measure for assessing PTSD‐symptoms in Danish soldiers following deployment. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karen ‐Inge Karstoft, Søren B. Andersen, Anni B. S. Nielsen Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Personal attitudes toward time: The relationship between temporal focus, space ‐time mappings and real life experiences
What influences how people implicitly associate “past” and “future” with “front” and “back?” Whereas previous research has shown that cultural attitudes toward time play a role in modulating space‐time mappings in people's mental models (de la Fuente, Santiago, Román, Dumitrache & Casasanto, 2014), we investigated real life experiences as potential additional influences on these implicit associations. Participants within the same single culture, who are engaged in different intermediate‐term educational experiences (Study 1), long‐term living experiences (Study 2), and short‐term visiting exper...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Heng Li, Yu Cao Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Professional commitment: Does it buffer or intensify job demands?
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether professional commitment can be seen as a moderator in the relationship between job demands and emotional exhaustion among Norwegian nurses. Inspired by the job demands‐resources model, this study explores whether having a strong commitment to the nursing profession can be seen as a resource that buffers the effect of job demands on emotional exhaustion or, conversely, intensifies the impact of job demands. A survey that comprised Norwegian nurses who had graduated three years previously (N = 388) was conducted. Multiple regression was performed to test the hypothesis....
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kjersti Nesje Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Health ‐relevant personality is associated with sensitivity to sound (hyperacusis)
Hyperacusis, over‐sensitivity to sounds, causes distress and disability and the etiology is not fully understood. The study aims to explore possible associations between health‐relevant personality traits and hyperacusis. Hyperacusis was assessed using the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), and clinical uncomfortable loudness levels (ULL). Personality was measured with the Health‐relevant Personality (HP5i) Inventory. The study sample was 348 (140 men and 208 women; age 23–71 years). Moderate correlations were found between the personality trait negative affectivity (NA; a facet of neuroticism) and dimensions of the ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Karin Villaume, Dan Hasson Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Value systems among adolescents: Novel method for assessing level of ego ‐development
The objective of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire that reveals distinct value systems among adolescents, and to evaluate the identified value systems’ relationship to degree of ego‐development and moral development. A quantitative study in a Swedish School with ages 12 through 16 (grades 6 to 9) was performed (N = 204). A set of pattern recognition statistical analyses has been used to identify different profiles of values systems and demonstrate that these systems can be arranged in a hierarchical order similar to other development. Results revealed three value systems in this sample. The ide...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sofia Kjellstr öm, Per Sjölander, Ellen Almers, Mary E. Mccall Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Is positive thinking in anticipation of a performance situation better than distraction? An experimental study in preadolescents
The current study compares the effects of experimentally induced positive anticipatory thinking and distraction in preadolescents aged 12–13. Eighty‐seven participants were instructed to either engage in positive anticipatory thoughts or perform a distraction task while preparing to perform a sporting activity in front of their peers. Results revealed that trait social anxiety was associated with more negative estimates of sport performance and catastrophic thoughts relating to the impending sport activity. Additionally, compared to children who distracted, children in the positive anticipation condition showed signifi...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stephanos P. Vassilopoulos, Andreas Brouzos, Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis, Olga Tziouma Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Death anxiety and visual oculomotor processing of arousing stimuli in a free view setting
The main goal of this study was to determine how death anxiety (DA) affects visual processing when confronted with arousing stimuli. A total of 26 males and females were primed with either DA or a neutral primer and were given a free view/free choice task where eye movement was measured using an eye tracker. The goal was to identify measurable/observable indicators of whether the subjects were under the influence of DA during the free view. We conducted an eye tracking study because this is an area where we believe it is possible to find observable indicators. Ultimately, we observed some changes in the visual behavior, su...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Linda Wendelberg, Frode Volden, Sule Yildirim ‐Yayilgan Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Linking vitamin D status, executive functioning and self ‐perceived mental health in adolescents through multivariate analysis: A randomized double‐blind placebo control trial
The aim of the present randomized double‐blind placebo control trial was to investigate if vitamin D supplementation had an effect on vitamin D status, executive functioning and self‐perceived mental health in a group of Norwegian adolescents during winter time. Fifty adolescents were randomly assigned into an intervention group (vitamin D pearls) or a control group (placebo pearls). Before (pre‐test in December/January) and after (post‐test in April/May) the intervention period the participants were exposed to a test procedure, consisting of blood draw, completion of cognitive tests (Tower of Hanoi and Tower of Lo...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bj ørn Grung, Asle M. Sandvik, Kay Hjelle, Lisbeth Dahl, Livar Frøyland, Irene Nygård, Anita L. Hansen Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
How do location and control over the music influence listeners ’ responses?
This study uses Mehrabian and Russell's () Pleasure‐Arousal‐Dominance (PAD) model to consider how responses to both the music heard and overall in‐situ listening experience are influenced by the listener's degree of control over music selected for a particular listening episode and the location in which the listening takes place. Following recruitment via campus advertisements and a university research participation program, 216 individuals completed a background questionnaire and music listening task in a 3 (location) × 2 (experimenter‐ or participant‐selected music) design. After the listening task, participan...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Amanda E. Krause, Adrian C. North Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Bound to remember: Infants show superior memory for objects presented at event boundaries
Following Event Segmentation Theory (EST) adult memory is enhanced at event boundaries (EB). The present study set out to explore this in infancy. Sixty‐eight 21‐month‐olds watched a cartoon with one of two objects (counterbalanced) inserted for 3s either at EB or between EB. Ten minutes later they watched both objects (familiar and novel) in a 10s Visual Paired Comparison (VPC) test while being eye‐tracked. Furthermore, they were asked to point to the previous object. Based on EST, we hypothesized that objects inserted at EB would be processed more fully, resulting in improved memory compared to objects inserted b...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Trine Sonne, Osman S. Kingo, Peter Kr øjgaard Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
