Exercise based interventions for alcohol use disorder: A comment on motivational aspects of participation
This study aims to examine: (1) whether motivational aspects are taken into account when the type and delivery method of exercise interventions are chosen; (2) whether motivational aspects are taken into account post intervention; and (3) whether there are different traditions regarding payment for participants. A systematic search was conducted to identify eligible studies in order to investigate the impact of motivational aspects including payment for participation. Twelve samples including ten to 620 participants were investigated. Participants were predominantly male and in their 40s, ranging from 20 to 69 years. Aero...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kirsten K. Roessler, Rikke Holm Bramsen, Ajla Dervisevic, Randi Bilberg Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Is job performance independent from career success? A conceptual distinction between competence and agency
Adopting a social approach to social judgment, we conducted five studies to validate a conceptual distinction between agency and competence traits. Studies 1–3 revealed that competence traits (e.g., skillful) are associated with job performance, whereas agentic traits (e.g., ambitious) are associated with career success. Study 4 showed that only agency predicted the amount of money people are likely to earn: the more a given trait was considered as agentic, the more it was associated with high monetary values. Study 5 highlighted the predominance of agency traits over competence traits in the evaluation of an employee ap...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patrick Mollaret, Delphine Miraucourt Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Differences in alexithymia and emotional awareness in exhaustion syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome
This study aims to investigate if there are any emotional differences between ES and CFS. This cross‐sectional study compared self‐reported alexithymia and observer‐rated emotional awareness in patients with ES (n = 31), CFS (n = 38) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 30). Self‐reported alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 (TAS‐20) and emotional awareness with an observer‐rated performance test, the Level of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). Additionally, depression and anxiety were scored by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results show that patients with ES expre...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daniel Maroti, Peter Molander, Indre Bileviciute ‐Ljungar Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Ability emotional intelligence and its relation to aggression across time and age groups
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been associated with several indicators of psychosocial adjustment, including aggressive behavior, but the relevant research has been mostly cross‐sectional, focused on adults, and limited to trait EI measures (García‐Sancho, Salguero & Fernández‐Berrocal, 2014; Mayer, Roberts & Barsade, ). The present work explored the relationship between Ability Emotional Intelligence (AEI) and aggression in both adults and adolescents using cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs. We conducted two studies. Study 1 aimed to provide preliminary evidence about the relationship between AEI...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Esperanza Garc ía‐Sancho, José M. Salguero, Pablo Fernández‐Berrocal Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
The implicit sociometer effect and the moderating role of relational self ‐construal
The present study examined how negative feedback influenced implicit self‐evaluations and how individuals' level of relational self‐construal (RelSC) moderated these relationships. One hundred Chinese university students completed the relational‐interdependent self‐construal scale and were randomly assigned into one of three conditions (social exclusion, personal failure, or control). After receiving the manipulation, participants completed two Brief Implicit Association Tests (BIATs) that measured their implicit self‐liking and self‐competence. The results indicated that people with a highly RelSC typically ha...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tao Jiang, Liuna Geng, Yanmei Tang, Lijuan Ye Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Bayley ‐III: Cultural differences and language scale validity in a Danish sample
The purpose of this study was to investigate cultural differences between Danish and American children at 2 and 3 years as measured with the developmental test Bayley‐III, and to investigate the Bayley‐III Language Scale validity. The Danish children (N = 43) were tested with the Bayley‐III and their parents completed an additional language questionnaire (the MacArthur‐Bates CDI). Results showed that scores from the Danish children did not differ significantly from the American norms on the Cognitive or Motor Scale, but the Danish sample scored significantly higher on the Language Scale. A comparison of the Bayl...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 25, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marianne T. Krogh, Mette S. V æver Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Mediation of self ‐regulation and mood in the relationship of changes in high emotional eating and nutritional behaviors: Moderating effects of physical activity
High emotional eating (EE) is prevalent in women with obesity. A previous study's subsample of obese women classified as high emotional eaters participated in either a physical activity‐focused experimental (n = 29) or an educationally focused comparison (n = 22) behavioral treatment and was assessed over phases of expected weight loss (baseline–month 6) and short‐ and long‐term regain (months 6–12 and 6–24, respectively). The study's aim was to assess theory‐based psychological and behavioral mediation and moderation of changes in nutritional behaviors via emotional eating change in order to inform behav...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: James J. Annesi, Nicole Mareno, Kristin L. McEwen Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
A two wave cross ‐lagged study of work‐role conflict, work‐family conflict and emotional exhaustion
By using a two‐wave panel design, the present study aimed to study causal, reversed, and reciprocal relations among work‐role conflict, work‐family conflict, and emotional exhaustion. The Conservation of Resources theory was applied as a theoretical framework. The study was conducted in a large Norwegian oil and gas company (n = 1703). The results demonstrated positive cross‐lagged effects of work‐role conflict and work‐family conflict on emotional exhaustion. In addition, emotional exhaustion predicted work‐family conflict over time, and work‐family conflict predicted work‐role conflict over time, indica...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Maria Therese Jensen Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Flux and permanence of risk perceptions: Tourists' perception of the relative and absolute risk for various destinations
The present investigation is a cross‐sectional, multi‐national, quantitative, and quasi‐experimental comparison of tourists’ risk perceptions regarding different destinations throughout the past decade. Over 10,000 tourists to Norway from 89 different countries filled in a questionnaire rating the perceived risk for various destinations. Data were collected during 2004, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 and allow for a comparison of perceived risk across time, place and nationality. Results show that while absolute risk judgments for different destinations fluctuate somewhat over the years, relative risk judgments re...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 16, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katharina Wolff, Svein Larsen Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Effects of maternal postpartum depression in a well ‐resourced sample: Early concurrent and long‐term effects of on infant cognitive, language, and motor development
This study examined early and long‐term effects of maternal postpartum depression on cognitive, language, and motor development in infants of clinically depressed mothers. Participants were 83 mothers and their full‐term born children from the urban region of Copenhagen, Denmark. Of this group, 28 mothers were diagnosed with postnatal depression three to four months postpartum in a diagnostic interview. Cognitive, language, and motor development was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition, when the infants were 4 and 13 months of age. We found that maternal postpartum depression...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 9, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johanne Smith ‐Nielsen, Anne Tharner, Marianne Thode Krogh, Mette Skovgaard Væver Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Parental socioeconomic status and child intellectual functioning in a Norwegian sample
Socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood has been linked to cognitive function and future academic and occupational success in studies from several countries. However, previous Nordic studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the strength of this link. We therefore investigated the association between SES and cognitive functioning in a sample of 255 Norwegian children, including 151 typically developing children and 104 children with a psychiatric diagnosis. The third edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐III) to assess cognitive function was used. SES was defined from maternal and paternal...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Thomas Eilertsen, Anders Lillevik Thorsen, Silje Elisabeth Hasmo Holm, Tormod B øe, Lin Sørensen, Astri J. Lundervold Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Predictive model for early math skills based on structural equations
Early math skills are determined by higher cognitive processes that are particularly important for acquiring and developing skills during a child's early education. Such processes could be a critical target for identifying students at risk for math learning difficulties. Few studies have considered the use of a structural equation method to rationalize these relations. Participating in this study were 207 preschool students ages 59 to 72 months, 108 boys and 99 girls. Performance with respect to early math skills, early literacy, general intelligence, working memory, and short‐term memory was assessed. A structural equ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 21, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Est íbaliz Aragón, José Ignacio Navarro, Manuel Aguilar, Gamal Cerda, Manuel García‐Sedeño Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Cross ‐national comparisons of attitudes towards suicide and suicidal persons in university students from 12 countries
This paper reports the results of a comparative investigation of attitudes to suicide and suicidal persons in 5,572 university students from 12 countries. Participants filled out two scales measuring attitudes towards suicide and suicidal persons, a measure of psychological distress together with the questions about suicidal behavior. Results showed that the highest suicide acceptance scores were observed in Austrian, UK, Japanese and Saudi Arabian samples and the lowest scores were noted in Tunisian, Turkish, Iranian and Palestinian samples. While the highest social acceptance scores for a suicidal friend were noted in Tu...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 17, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mehmet Eskin, Omar Kujan, Martin Voracek, Amira Shaheen, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Jian ‐Min Sun, Chris Flood, Senel Poyrazli, Mohsen Janghorbani, Kouichi Yoshimasu, Anwar Mechri, Yousef Khader, Khouala Aidoudi, Seifollah Bakhshi, Hacer Harlak, Muna Ahmead, Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
A comparison of coping strategies in patients with fibromyalgia, chronic neuropathic pain, and pain ‐free controls
Patients suffering from chronic pain may benefit from learning adaptive coping strategies. Consensus on efficient strategies for this group of patients is, however, lacking, and previous studies have shown inconsistent results. The present study has examined coping strategies in two distinctly different groups of chronic pain patients and a group of healthy controls. Thirty neuropathic pain (NP) patients, 28 fibromyalgia (FM) patients, and 26 pain‐free healthy controls completed the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ‐48/27) and rated their daily pain. The results showed that FM and NP patients did not cope differently ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - July 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sidsel Baastrup, Rikke Schultz, Inger Br ødsgaard, Rod Moore, Troels S. Jensen, Lene Vase Toft, Flemming W. Bach, Raben Rosenberg, Lise Gormsen Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Role of anxiety and brooding in specificity of autobiographical recall
Overgeneral schemas and lack of autobiographical memory (AM) specificity about our past experiences can predict mood disturbance. Rumination, functional avoidance and executive processes are the main explanatory variables of such overgenerality. However, in non‐clinical samples, rumination predicts overgenerality most consistently after the induction of dysphoric mood. Anxiety also activates rumination. Furthermore, anxiety predicts memory performance and has effects on mood which are independent of the effects of rumination. So, what might be the role of anxiety in autobiographical memory performance? A sample of 210 vo...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - July 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jorge Javier Ricarte, Laura Ros, Jose Miguel Latorre, Maria Dolores Mu ñoz, Maria Jose Aguilar, Jose Vicente Hernandez Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
