Memory in pregnancy and post ‐partum: Item specific and relational encoding processes in recall and recognition
It has been recently proposed that pregnant women would perform memory tasks by focusing more on item‐specific processes and less on relational processing, compared to post‐partum women (Mickes, Wixted, Shapiro & Scarff, ). The present cross‐sectional study tested this hypothesis by directly manipulating the type of encoding employed in the study phase. Pregnant, post‐partum and control women either rated the pleasantness of word meaning (which induced item‐specific elaboration) or named the semantic category to which they belonged (which induced relational elaboration). Memory for the encoded words was later...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - May 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pietro Spataro, Daniele Saraulli, Debora Oriolo, Marco Costanzi, Humberto Zanetti, Vincenzo Cestari, Clelia Rossi ‐Arnaud Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Memory in pregnancy and post‐partum: Item specific and relational encoding processes in recall and recognition
It has been recently proposed that pregnant women would perform memory tasks by focusing more on item‐specific processes and less on relational processing, compared to post‐partum women (Mickes, Wixted, Shapiro & Scarff, ). The present cross‐sectional study tested this hypothesis by directly manipulating the type of encoding employed in the study phase. Pregnant, post‐partum and control women either rated the pleasantness of word meaning (which induced item‐specific elaboration) or named the semantic category to which they belonged (which induced relational elaboration). Memory for the encoded words was later...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - May 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pietro Spataro, Daniele Saraulli, Debora Oriolo, Marco Costanzi, Humberto Zanetti, Vincenzo Cestari, Clelia Rossi‐Arnaud Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
When the poor excel: Poverty facilitates procedural learning
Recent research has shown that poverty directly impeded cognitive functions because the poor could be easily distracted by monetary concerns. We argue that this effect may be limited to functions relying on working memory. For functions that rely on proceduralized processes however, monetary concerns elicited by reminding of financial demands would be conducive rather than harmful. Our results supported this hypothesis by showing that participants with lower income reached the learning criterion of the information‐integration categorization task faster than their more affluent counterparts after reminding of financial de...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - May 6, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Junhua Dang, Shanshan Xiao, Ting Zhang, Ying Liu, Bin Jiang, Lihua Mao Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory: Factorial invariance in problem behaviors across gender and age
The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) assesses problem behaviors in children, and is a widely used instrument in both clinical work and research. Evidence suggests that the short ECBI version, comprising 22 items, can be reduced into the three oblique factors: Oppositional defiant behavior; Conduct problem behavior; and Inattentive behavior. The present study aimed to evaluate this three‐factor model in a Norwegian sample of 554 children, and examine multi‐group invariance across gender and age. Consistent with previous research, results confirmed a tripartite model, with the same residual covariances and cross‐...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Silje Hukkelberg Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Coping With Strain (CWS) course – its effects on depressive symptoms: A four‐year longitudinal randomized controlled trial
This study seeks to examine the extent to which CWS, on a short‐term and a long‐term basis, reduces depressive symptoms in employees. After advertising at workplaces, 119 employees were randomized into Intervention Group I (IG1), which immediately participated in CWS, or Intervention Group II (IG2), which functioned as a control group for six months until its participation in CWS. The follow up period lasted for four years in both IG1 and IG2. Linear mixed models were fitted to the data. Depressive symptoms were significantly reduced during the course. The reduction of depressive symptoms was maintained over a period o...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 28, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gry Anette Sælid, Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski, Arne Holte, Kristian Tambs, Leif Edvard Aarø Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Emotion processing deficits in the different dimensions of psychometric schizotypy
Schizotypy refers to a personality structure indicating “proneness” to schizophrenia. Around 10% of the general population has increased schizotypal traits, they also share other core features with schizophrenia and are thus at heightened risk for developing schizophrenia and spectrum disorders. A key aspect in schizophrenia‐spectrum pathology is the impairment observed in emotion‐related processes. This review summarizes findings on impairments related to central aspects of emotional processes, such as emotional disposition, alexithymia, facial affect recognition and speech prosody, in high schizotypal individuals...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stella G. Giakoumaki Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on health‐related quality of life: An evaluation of therapies provided by trainee therapists
The present study was carried out to examine the treatment effect of cognitive behavioral therapy provided by trainee therapists at a university clinic, focusing on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) optimism and symptoms. The study was conducted through a repeated measures design and included a treatment group (n = 21), which received cognitive behavioral therapy for an average of 10.7 therapy sessions and a control group (n = 14), that was put on a wait list for 8.6 weeks on average. After treatment, the treatment group improved significantly concerning general health (p = 0.028) and optimism (p = 0.027). ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sophie Henriksson, Malin Anclair, Arto J. Hiltunen Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Exploring the relationships between maternal and child metacognitions and child anxiety
Research has shown that anxiety may be transmitted through verbal information pathways, for example, when parents share their anxious cognitions with their child. Less is known about the influence of parental metacognitions, that is, beliefs regarding thoughts, on child anxiety. We explored the relations between metacognitions in mothers and their children and anxiety in the children. Our study included 111 non‐clinical children aged 8 to 12 years and their mothers. Children rated their metacognitions, worry and anxiety, and mothers rated their metacognitions. Results indicated agreement between maternal and child metac...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - April 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Barbara Hoff Esbjørn, Nicoline Normann, Nicole Nadine Lønfeldt, Marie Tolstrup, Marie Louise Reinholdt‐Dunne Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
A closer look at the discrimination outcomes in the IAT literature
To what extent the IAT (Implicit Association Test, Greenwald et al., 1998) predicts racial and ethnic discrimination is a heavily debated issue. The latest meta‐analysis by Oswald et al. (2013) suggests a very weak association. In the present meta‐analysis, we switched the focus from the predictor to the criterion, by taking a closer look at the discrimination outcomes. We discovered that many of these outcomes were not actually operationalizations of discrimination, but rather of other related, but distinct, concepts, such as brain activity and voting preferences. When we meta‐analyzed the main effects of discrimina...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rickard Carlsson, Jens Agerström Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Mindfulness facets, trait emotional intelligence, emotional distress, and multiple health behaviors: A serial two‐mediator model
In the present study, we tested a serial mindfulness facets‐trait emotional intelligence (TEI)‐emotional distress‐multiple health behaviors mediation model in a sample of N = 427 German‐speaking occupational therapists. The mindfulness facets‐TEI‐emotional distress section of the mediation model revealed partial mediation for the mindfulness facets Act with awareness (Act/Aware) and Accept without judgment (Accept); inconsistent mediation was found for the Describe facet. The serial two‐mediator model included three mediational pathways that may link each of the four mindfulness facets with multiple health ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ingo Jacobs, Anna Wollny, Chu‐Won Sim, Antje Horsch Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
The effect of relational continuity of care in maternity and child health clinics on parenting self‐efficacy of mothers and fathers with loneliness and depressive symptoms
This study explored the parenting self‐efficacy of the parents of 18‐month‐old children in the context of Finnish maternity and child health clinics. This parenting self‐efficacy was observed in relation with the relational continuity of care and parents' experienced loneliness and depressive symptoms. The relational continuity of care was provided by a public health nurse in maternity and child health clinics. The participating parents were drawn from the STEPS study that is being carried out by the Institute for Child and Youth Research at the University of Turku. The results showed that relational continuity of ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Miia Tuominen, Niina Junttila, Pia Ahonen, Päivi Rautava Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Adolescents and social support situations
The present study concerned adolescents' needs for social support with a focus on specific situations. The Adolescent Need for Social Support Questionnaire (ANSSQ) was developed based on qualitative interviews with typically developing adolescents about situations in which they need parent support. The questionnaire was tested on a sample of 380 Swedish 15‐year‐olds. A 3‐component structure reflecting the dimensions “Home and school”, “Low mood”, and “Sex and alcohol” was tested in SEM analyses. Scales based on these dimensions, measuring support from parents and peers, yielded satisfactory psychometric r...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ingrid Olsson, Berit Hagekull, Fabrizia Giannotta, Camilla Åhlander Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
The effects of mood on spontaneous trait inferences about the actor: Evidence from Chinese undergraduates
Prior research has indicated that positive moods increase but negative moods decrease the trait activation of spontaneous trait inferences (STIs). However, it is unknown whether this difference is also present in STIs about the actor. In Study 1, using a false recognition paradigm, we found that Chinese undergraduates made STIs about the actor. In Study 2, we found that the happy Chinese undergraduates were more likely to make STIs about the actor than the sad Chinese undergraduates. These findings showed that Chinese people made STIs about the actor and moods had an influence on their STIs about the actor. (Source: Scandi...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Meifang Wang, Yaolong Zhao, Qianqian Li, Feng Yang Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
The rich get richer, the poor get even: Perceived socioeconomic position influences micro‐social distributions of wealth
Economic inequality has a robust negative effect on a range of important societal outcomes, including health, wellbeing, and education. Yet, it remains insufficiently understood why, how, and by whom unequal systems tend to be perpetuated. In two studies we examine whether psychological mindsets adopted by the wealthy and the poor in their micro‐social transactions act to perpetuate or challenge inequality. We hypothesized that occupying a wealthier socioeconomic position promotes the pursuit of self‐interest and contributes to inequality maintenance; poorer socioeconomic position, on the other hand, should promote the...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 21, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Boyka Bratanova, Steve Loughnan, Olivier Klein, Robert Wood Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Home behavioral economics: Childcare decisions in the United States and Norway
This research investigated how a couple decides which parent stays home as a childcare provider by attempting to determine the economic value on maternal care versus paternal care while examining the potential effects of nationality, gender role attitudes, and social support. We collected data from 240 American participants and 250 Norwegian participants who were asked to decide how much a mother needs to earn to allow her husband to stay at home to provide childcare and how much a father needs to earn to allow his wife to stay at home and provide childcare, in addition to items assessing gender role attitudes. No effect o...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 16, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katharine F. Wilson, Donald A. Hantula Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
