Symptoms of depression in Swedish fathers in the postnatal period and development of a screening tool
Methods for detecting depression in fathers after the birth of their child are scarce. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), used to screen mothers for postpartum depression (PPD), lacks somatization and externalizing items. This potentially decreases its sensitivity in detecting depression in fathers, as many men actually express depression with somatization or externalizing symptoms. The present study assessed depressive symptoms in fathers of children 0–18 months old, and evaluated whether addressing both typical depression and externalizing, so‐called “depressive equivalent” symptoms, might be more s...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - October 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elia Psouni, Johan Agebj örn, Hanne Linder Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Working memory and attention are still impaired after three years in patients with stress‐related exhaustion
Cognitive impairment is one of the most pronounced symptoms reported by patients with stress‐related mental health problems. Impairments related to executive function and to some extent speed and attention are therefore common in patients with stress‐related burnout/exhaustion. In this paper we present a follow‐up of cognitive performance in patients with stress‐related exhaustion several years after they initially sought medical care. Thirty patients and 27 healthy controls, mean age 49 years (SD 6.5) and 55 years (SD 6.7) respectively, were included, all of whom had undergone baseline measurements of neuropsychol...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - October 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ingibj örg H. Jonsdottir, Arto Nordlund, Susanne Ellbin, Thomas Ljung, Kristina Glise, Peter Währborg, Anna Sjörs, Anders Wallin Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
A psychometric evaluation of the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) in a Swedish sample
Personality is generally considered to be biologically founded in temperament, and temperamental qualities have proven to be relatively stable across childhood and into adulthood (Caspi, Roberts & Shiner, ). Temperament predicts important developmental outcomes such as academic performance (Muris, ), and social functioning (Eisenberg, Fabes, Guthrie & Reiser, ), and it has also been found to be strongly related to the etiology and maintenance of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children (Muris, Meesters & Blijlevens, ; Nigg, ). To allow for the possibility of making early interventions, identi...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - October 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Beatrice Nystrom, Hans Bengtsson Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Fuming with rage! Do members of low status groups signal anger more than members of high status groups?
Owuamalam, Weerabangsa, Karunagharan and Rubin found that Malaysians associate people in low status groups with anger more than their higher status counterparts: the hunchback heuristic. But is this belief accurate? Here, we propose the alternative possibility that members of low‐status groups might deliberately suppress anger to counter this stigma, while members of high‐status groups might disinhibit their anger to assert their superiority. To test these propositions, we manipulated undergraduate students’ relative group status by leading them to believe that provocative comments about their undergraduate social id...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 12, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chuma Kevin Owuamalam, Mark Rubin Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Using a multi ‐feature paradigm to measure mismatch responses to minimal sound contrasts in children with cochlear implants and hearing aids
Our aim was to explore whether a multi‐feature paradigm (Optimum‐1) for eliciting mismatch negativity (MMN) would objectively capture difficulties in perceiving small sound contrasts in children with hearing impairment (HI) listening through their hearing aids (HAs) and/or cochlear implants (CIs). Children aged 5–7 years with HAs, CIs and children with normal hearing (NH) were tested in a free‐field setting using a multi‐feature paradigm with deviations in pitch, intensity, gap, duration, and location. There were significant mismatch responses across all subjects that were positive (p‐MMR) for the gap and pitch...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 12, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Inger Uhl én, Elisabet Engström, Petter Kallioinen, Cecilia Nakeva von Mentzer, Björn Lyxell, Birgitta Sahlén, Magnus Lindgren, Marianne Ors Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
Theory of mind in spina bifida: Relationship with intellectual and executive functioning
This article investigates emotion recognition ability, a central aspect of Theory of Mind (ToM), in a group of individuals with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) experiencing executive function deficits, and examine associations between emotion recognition, and intellectual and executive functioning. A total of 38 adult subjects with SBM were included in this study, participating in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention for executive dysfunction. Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) was used as a measure of emotion recognition, and neuropsychological tests and...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 12, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jan Stubberud Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Suppression mediates the effect of 5 ‐HTTLPR by stress interaction on depression
A number of studies have shown that the presence of short (S), as opposed to long (L), allele of the serotonin transporter‐linked polymorphic region (5‐HTTLPR) is associated with a higher risk for depression following exposure to stressful life events. However, many other studies failed to confirm this association. One reason for this inconsistency might be the fact that the interaction of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism with stress may relate not to depression per se, but rather to adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Here we show that individuals homozygous for the long allele respond to stressful event...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - September 12, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gennady G. Knyazev, Daria V. Bazovkina, Alexander N. Savostyanov, Vladimir S. Naumenko, Valeriya B. Kuznetsova, Ekaterina A. Proshina Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Accounting for job satisfaction: Examining the interplay of person and situation
In the present study, we investigate the interplay of personality traits (i.e., person) in frontline care staff in nursing homes and the way they relate to the residents (i.e., situation) to account for their job satisfaction. Participants completed a survey including Mini‐IPIP tapping the five‐factor model of personality, Individualized Care Inventory tapping four aspects of person‐centered care and job satisfaction. The results revealed that staff scoring high on neuroticism experienced less job satisfaction. This relationship was partly accounted for by resident autonomy, suggesting that part of the adverse influe...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tinna Elfstrand Corlin, Ali Kazemi Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Personality Inventory for DSM ‐5
The DSM‐5 Section III proposes a hybrid dimensional‐categorical model of conceptualizing personality and its disorders that includes assessment of impairments in personality functioning (criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (criterion B). The Personality Inventory for the DSM‐5 is a new dimensional tool, composed of 220 items organized into 25 facets that delineate five higher order domains of clinically relevant personality differences, and was developed to operationalize the DSM‐5 model of pathological personality traits. The current studies address the internal consistency (study 1), the test‐retes...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rute Pires, Ana Sousa Ferreira, David Guedes Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Trouble articulating the right words: Evidence for a response ‐exclusion account of distraction during semantic fluency
It is widely held that single‐word lexical access is a competitive process, a view based largely on the observation that naming a picture is slowed in the presence of a distractor‐word. However, problematic for this view is that a low‐frequency distractor‐word slows the naming of a picture more than does a high‐frequency word. This supports an alternative, response‐exclusion, account in which a distractor‐word interferes because it must be excluded from an articulatory output buffer before the right word can be articulated (the picture name): A high, compared to low, frequency word accesses the buffer more qu...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John E. Marsh, Jessica C. Crawford, Lea K. Pilgrim, Patrik S örqvist, Robert W. Hughes Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Does a short self ‐compassion intervention for students increase healthy self‐regulation? A randomized control trial
The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of a two‐week self‐compassion course on healthy self‐regulation (personal growth self‐efficacy and healthy impulse control) and unhealthy self‐regulation (self‐judgment and habitual negative self‐directed thinking) in university students. We also examined the effects on self‐compassion, anxiety and depression. Students (N = 158, 85% women, mean age = 25 years) were randomized to an intervention group and a waiting‐list control group in a multi‐baseline randomized control trial. Healthy self‐control was measured by the Personal Growth Initiative ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ingrid Dundas, Per ‐Einar Binder, Tia G. B. Hansen, Signe Hjelen Stige Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Relationship of personality with integration and confrontation in internal dialogues
This study aimed to identify the personality‐related determinants of integration and confrontation processes in ID that simulates social relationships. The test group comprised 125 students (62 men). Participants were given a description of a fictional problem facing a young married couple and they were to imagine a dialogue between the characters. Additionally three instruments were administered: the NEO Five Factor Inventory, the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised Questionnaire and the Integration‐Confrontation Questionnaire. Using canonical correlation analysis it was found that intense neuroticism and a...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ma łgorzata M. Puchalska‐Wasyl Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Body language reading of emotion in schizophrenia: Associations with symptoms and functional outcome
Our aim was to explore how body language reading of emotion relates to neurocognition, symptoms and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Fifty‐four individuals with schizophrenia and eighty‐four healthy controls participated in the study. Emotion perception was assessed with a point‐light display (PLD) task, the Emotion in Biological Motion (EmoBio) test, neurocognition was measured with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and functioning was indexed by one measure of functional capacity and by one self‐report questionnaire. Clinical symptoms were assessed with a five factor Positive and Negative Syndro...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katharina Nymo Engelstad, Kjetil S. Sundet, Ole A. Andreassen, Anja Vaskinn Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Effects of intergroup exclusion on individual needs threat and behavior tendencies
This study explores the effects of intergroup exclusion on need‐threat and the behavioral tendencies of excluded individuals. Results show that those excluded by in‐group members perceived more threat to relational needs, while participants excluded by out‐group members perceived more threat to efficacy needs. In addition, participants excluded by out‐group members displayed significantly more aggression intention and less helping intention than those who were excluded by in‐group members. This study indicates that the group relationship between excluders and the excluded will directly affect threat perception an...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Xiao Li Yang, Li Wei, Qing Hua Zhao, Li Liu Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Sluggish cognitive tempo in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders: Social impairments and internalizing symptoms
Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) was introduced in 1980s in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies indicate that symptoms of SCT are separate from symptoms of ADHD and independently associated with multiple domains of functioning in clinical groups and in typical development. We assessed whether similar pattern would apply to higher functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Children with higher functioning ASD (N = 55; 5−15 years) were divided into the ASD+High SCT (n = 17), the ASD+Medium SCT (n = 18) and the ASD+Low SCT (n = 20) groups based on parent‐rated daydreaming and slowness on ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - August 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Outi Reinvall, Teija Kujala, Arja Voutilainen, Anu ‐Liisa Moisio, Pekka Lahti‐Nuuttila, Marja Laasonen Tags: Health and Disability Source Type: research
