Universal parent support groups for parents of adolescents: Which parents participate and why?
Leader‐led parent support groups, offered universally to parents of adolescents, are increasingly common, yet little is known of the parents who use this support. The study presented here explored the characteristics of parents of 10‐ to 17‐year‐olds (N = 192) who had enlisted in universal support groups and their reasons for enrollment. Sociodemographic factors (parents’ country of origin, educational level, long‐term sick‐leave or unemployment, and marital status) were compared to the general population (Statistics Sweden, ) and parents’ psychological health and children's psychiatric symptoms were comp...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 5, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elin K. Alfredsson, Anders G. Broberg Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Bystanders’ responses to offline bullying and cyberbullying: The role of empathy and normative beliefs about aggression
Cyberbullying often takes place with the virtual presence or knowledge of bystanders. While we have some evidence about the determinants of bystanders’ responses to offline bullying, we lack empirical studies concerning the variables that influence bystanders’ responses to cyberbullying. The current study examines bystanders’ responses to offline bullying and cyberbullying incidents. Two types of responses were captured: support toward the victims and the reinforcement of bullies’ actions. Using data from 321 German adolescents (ages 12–18; M = 14.99; 44% girls), the association between bystanders’ responses ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 5, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hana Machackova, Jan Pfetsch Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Is middle childhood attachment related to social functioning in young adulthood?
The aim of the present study (N = 69) was to examine whether middle childhood attachment, measured using the Separation Anxiety Test (Slough, Goyette & Greenberg, 1988), predicts aspects of social functioning (social initiative, prosocial orientation, social anxiety, loneliness) in young adulthood. Insecurity‐avoidance at age 8.5 years was, as expected, negatively related to social initiative and prosocial orientation, and was also positively related to social anxiety and loneliness at age 21 years. In addition, insecurity‐avoidance contributed to developmental change in social anxiety from middle childhood to youn...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 5, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mari Fransson, Pehr Granqvist, Carin Marciszko, Berit Hagekull, Gunilla Bohlin Tags: Development and Aging Source Type: research
Health‐adjusted neuropsychological test norms based on 463 older Swedish car drivers
There is a need for improved normative information in particular for older persons. The present study provides neuropsychological test norms on seven cognitive tests used in a sample representing the general older driving population, when uncontrolled and controlled for physical health. A group of 463 healthy Swedish car drivers, aged 65 to 84 years, participated in a medical and neuropsychological examination. The latter included tests of visual scanning, mental shifting, visual spatial function, memory, reaction time, selective attention, and simultaneous capacity. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that, when...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - March 5, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ingvar Bergman, Kurt Johansson, Ove Almkvist, Catarina Lundberg Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
Dispositional aspects of body focus and idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI‐EMF)
Body focus is often considered an undesirable characteristic from medical point of view as it amplifies symptoms and leads to higher levels of health anxiety. However, it is connected to mindfulness, well‐being and the sense of self in psychotherapy. The current study aimed to investigate the contribution of various body focus related constructs to acute and chronic generation and maintenance of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Thirty‐six individuals with idiopathic environmental intolerance to electromagnetic fields (IEI‐EMF) and 36 controls were asked to complete questionnaires assessing negative affect, worri...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zsuzsanna Dömötör, Bettina K. Doering, Ferenc Köteles Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Attention‐shift vs. response‐priming explanations for the spatial cueing effect in cross‐modal tasks
The task‐irrelevant spatial location of a cue stimulus affects the processing of a subsequent target. This “Posner effect” has been explained by an exogenous attention shift to the spatial location of the cue, improving perceptual processing of the target. We studied whether the left/right location of task‐irrelevant and uninformative tones produces cueing effects on the processing of visual targets. Tones were presented randomly from left or right. In the first condition, the subsequent visual target, requiring response either with the left or right hand, was presented peripherally to left or right. In the second ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Petri Paavilainen, Janne Illi, Nella Moisseinen, Maija Niinisalo, Karita Ojala, Johanna Reinikainen, Lari Vainio Tags: Cognition and Neurosciences Source Type: research
The functions of internal dialogs and their connection with personality
In previous studies, seven key functions in internal dialogs were identified: Support, Substitution, Exploration, Bond, Self‐improvement, Insight, and Self‐guiding. It was also established that internal dialogs vary in the intensity of these functions. The presented research aimed to test if there are configurations of personality variables that allow us to predict specific patterns of functions performed by internal dialogs. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that the higher the intensity of neuroticism and anxious attachment and the lower the intensity of openness and the tendency to spontaneously adopt the view...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Małgorzata M. Puchalska‐Wasyl Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Social and emotional self‐efficacy at work
Research has shown that self‐efficacy is often one of the most important personal resources in the work context. However, because this research has focused on cognitive and task‐oriented self‐efficacy, little is known about social and emotional dimensions of self‐efficacy at work. The main aim of the present study was to investigate social and emotional self‐efficacy dimensions at work and to compare them to a cognitive and task‐oriented dimension. Scales to measure social and emotional self‐efficacy at work were developed and validated and found to be well differentiated from the cognitive task‐oriented oc...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carina Loeb, Christiane Stempel, Kerstin Isaksson Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Personality traits, gender differences and symptoms of anhedonia: What does the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) measure in nonclinical settings?
This study aims to investigate the role of neuroticism and extroversion in symptom reporting by men and women and whether anhedonia can explain these reversed gender differences in depression observed when using HADS. HADS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) were administered twice to a sample of university students. Number of subjects at T1 was 372 and 160 at T2, measured two months apart. Men had a higher average score on depressive symptoms measured by HADS‐D compared to women (p = 0.029). Women scored higher than men on HADS‐A (p = 0.012), neuroticism (p <...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - February 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Eva Langvik, Odin Hjemdal, Hans M. Nordahl Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
A Big Five facet analysis of a psychopath: The validity of the HDS mischievous scale of sub‐clinical psychopathy
Around 5,700 British adults completed the NEO‐PI‐R, which measures the Big Five Personality factors at the Domain and the Facet level, as well as the Hogan Development Survey (HDS); measure of Anti‐Social Personality Disorder called Mischievous. Previous work in this field has used clinical measures of psychopathy and either student or patient samples. This sought to validate this measure by comparing NEO facet correlational results with other studies. The Mischievous score from the HDS was the criterion variable in the correlations and multiple regressions. Mischievous people were Disagreeable, Stable, Extraverts, l...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 27, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Adrian Furnham, John Crump Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Social anxiety and adolescence: Interpretation bias in an Italian Sample
Interpretation bias, namely the tendency to systematically assign a negative meaning to ambiguous social situations, has been extensively studied in adult populations, while in adolescents it has received little attention. We aimed to address this gap by analyzing the three components of interpretation bias (negative interpretations, positive interpretations, belief in negative interpretations) in Italian adolescents aged between 14 and 17, comparing two groups: high (n = 32) and average (n = 33) social anxiety. The participants filled Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and A...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marco Giannini, Yura Loscalzo Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Core self‐evaluations and subjective well‐being in the U.S. and the Philippines: The moderating role of self‐construal
Extant literature has shown that the compound personality variable core self‐evaluations (CSE) is associated with various psychological outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research on CSE across cultures. Consistent with self‐construal theory, because there can be differences in self‐construals within and between cultures, the present study examined the moderating role of culture on the relation between CSE and subjective well‐being while also allowing for individual differences in self‐construal in the US and the Philippines. In both countries, CSE positively predicted subjective well‐being. Notably, the a...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patrick J. Rosopa, Jesus Alfonso D. Datu, Stephen A. Robertson, Theresa P. Atkinson Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Parenting styles and trait emotional intelligence in adolescence
The existence of individual differences in trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) makes the investigation of factors that contribute to such variations critical. Given the paucity of research in this area, the purpose of this study was the examination of the relationship between parenting styles and trait EI in an adolescent population. The sample of our study consisted of 127 adolescents (M age = 16.4, SD = 0.96; 42.2% female) from Greek schools, 15–19 years old, who were asked to complete questionnaires of perceived parenting (Parental Authority Questionnaire – PAQ) and trait EI (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questio...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Evangelia Argyriou, Giorgos Bakoyannis, Spyridon Tantaros Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
Affect at the different phases of cognitive behavioral therapy: An evaluation of psychotherapy provided by candidates
The purpose of this study was to investigate the affect, as measured by “Positive and Negative Affect Schedule” (PANAS), its influence on psychopathology, and to examine the effect of changing affect during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The study was carried out at the psychotherapy training center, Karlstad University. The hypothesis was whether clients with mental disorders have a self‐destructive affective personality (low PA and high NA) and healthy individuals have a self‐actualizing personality (high PA and low NA). Thirty‐two healthy participants and 44 clients participated in the study. The clients ...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Victoria Stark, Arto J. Hiltunen Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
The association between stress, self‐esteem and depressive symptoms in adolescents
In conclusion, the results give support for the significant role of stress and self‐esteem on the experience of depressive symptoms in adolescents. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology - January 19, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Unni K. Moksnes, Mary‐Elizabeth Bradley Eilertsen, Magdalena Lazarewicz Tags: Personality and Social Psychology Source Type: research
