Tempting fate: Chasing and maladaptive personality traits in gambling behavior
Chasing losses is a salient feature of problematic gambling and represents an important step in the development and maintenance of gambling disorder (Breen and Zuckerman, 1999; Corless and Dickerson, 1989; Lesieur, 1979; Lister et al., 2016; McBride et al., 2010; O'Connor and Dickerson, 2003; Toce-Gerstein et al., 2003). Chasing consists in continuing gambling to recoup previous losses (Lesieur, 1979). “The "chase" begins when a gambler bets either to pay everyday bills that are due or to “get even" from a fall” (Lesieur, 1984, p. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Giovanna Nigro, Maria Ciccarelli, Marina Cosenza Source Type: research
Plasma levels of leptin in patients with Pathological Gambling, Internet Gaming and Alcohol Use Disorder
Leptin, a product of the leptin gene (Campfield and Smith, 1998), is a 16kDa polypeptide and involved in appetite regulation and body energy balance (Campfield et al., 1996; Campfield et al., 1995; Kiefer et al., 2005; Pelleymounter et al., 1995). It is secreted by white adipocytes, circulates in the blood and enters the central nervous system via specific binding proteins (Campfield and Smith, 1998). It is involved in the control of satiety and body fat stores and can diminish food intake through central interaction with the hypothalamus and other brain areas (Pelleymounter et al., 1995). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Olga Geisel, Rainer Hellweg, Klaus Wiedemann, Christian A. M üller Source Type: research
Women with Anorexia Nervosa do not show altered tactile localization compared to healthy controls
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder characterized by a significant low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a body image disturbance (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Judith Mergen, Anouk Keizer, Katja Koelkebeck, Maarten R.C. van den Heuvel, Heiko Wagner Source Type: research
Differential clinical characteristics and possible predictors of bipolarity in a sample of unipolar and bipolar inpatients
Based on studies conducted in community samples, the lifetime prevalence of both UD and BD is considered to be approximately 13% (Zimmermann et al., 2009), and at least 50% of those who experience a unipolar depressive episode suffer from a sub-threshold BD (Angst et al., 2011). Moreover, at least 40% of patients with BD initially receive an incorrect diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder (Ghaemi et al., 1999). When compared t o UD, BD may be considered a highly recurrent condition with a severe and chronic course associated with interpersonal problems, vocational disability, considerable morbidity, and increase...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gianluca Serafini, Dorian Lamis, Giovanna Canepa, Andrea Aguglia, Fiammetta Monacelli, Matteo Pardini, Maurizio Pompili, Mario Amore Source Type: research
Immigrants and Mental Disorders in the United States:New Evidence on the Healthy Migrant Hypothesis
Migrating from one country to another tends to bring with it a degree of stress as individuals face the task of adjusting to life in a new context and culture. (Berry et al., 1987) Although migration-related stress is to be expected, scholars have cautioned against the assumption that exposure to the stresses of migration and immigrant adaptation necessarily results in psychopathology. (Park and Kemp, 2006, Su árez‐Orozco and Carhill, 2008) Indeed, whereas research in Europe suggests that immigrants are at greater risk of mental illness than are non-migrant Europeans, (Mindlis and Boffetta, 2017, Bourque et al., 2011, L...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christopher P. Salas-Wright, Michael G. Vaughn, Trenette C. Goings, Daniel P. Miller, Seth J. Schwartz Source Type: research
Exploring the Pathophysiology of Emotion-Based Impulsivity: The Roles of the Sympathetic Nervous System and Hostile Reactivity
The tendency to behave impulsively when distressed, known as negative urgency (Cyders and Smith, 2008; Whiteside and Lynam, 2001), has emerged as a strong transdiagnostic risk factor for a broad range of maladaptive behaviors often exhibited by psychiatric patients (Dir et al., 2013). Examples include reactive aggression and intimate partner violence (Derefinko et al., 2011), substance abuse (Fischer et al., 2012; Kaiser et al., 2012), risky sexual behavior (Deckman and Nathan DeWall, 2011; Derefinko et al., 2014), non-suicidal self-injury (Bresin et al., 2012; Peterson et al., 2014), suicidal behavior (Anestis and Joiner,...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica R. Peters, Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Erin C. Walsh, Karen J. Derefinko Source Type: research
How and when does mental illness stigma impact treatment seeking? Longitudinal examination of relationships between anticipated and internalized stigma, symptom severity, and mental health service use
Although many studies have examined the relationship between stigma and treatment seeking (e.g., Clement et al., 2015; Corrigan, 2004; Vogel and Wade, 2009), there is little consensus across studies with respect to how stigma impacts treatment seeking. Indeed, this relationship appears to depend on the stigma mechanism under investigation (Clement et al., 2015). Further complicating the picture is that most of these studies have been cross-sectional, limiting conclusions about causality. Additionally, researchers have not yet examined how symptom severity may interact with different stigma mechanisms to impact treatment se...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Annie B Fox, Brian N. Smith, Vogt Dawne Source Type: research
Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder manifest cognitive biases implicated in psychosis
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by affect dysregulations, turbulent interpersonal relationships, fluctuations in the sense of self, high level of impulsivity and self-harm behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Insight into the psychological mechanisms (for example, the cognitive, affective and behavioral factors) behind these disturbances is imperative for the development of effective psychotherapeutic interventions. To date, the research has focused mostly on the behavi oral and affective disturbances underlying BPD psychopathology (Brown et al., 2002; Glenn and Klonsky, 2009; Putn...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Priya Puri, Devvarta Kumar, Kesavan Muralidharan, M. Thomas Kishore Source Type: research
Structured physical exercise and recovery from first episode psychosis in young adults, The FitForLife Study.
Psychosis is associated with impaired cognition which can limit independent function, increasing dependence on external support (Mueser and Mcgurk, 2004). Recovery prioritises the maintenance of the individual's independence rather than the abatement of medical symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2005; Davidson et al., 2008). Early intervention is thought to maximise and preserve function and has led to increased attention towards interventions for first episode of psychosis1 (FEP) (Mueser and Mcgurk, 2004; Penttila et al., 2014). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Benjamin Lambden, Jonas Berge, Yvonne Forsell Source Type: research
A novel SCL-90-R six-item factor identifies subjects at risk of early adverse outcomes in public mental health settings
Most European clinical mental health systems are based on community networks of facilities aimed at promoting, restoring, and maintaining mental health (WHO, 2007; Lora, 2009; European Commission, 2017). Although access to mental health care usually is improved with community-based services, the care provided may not meet individual clinical needs, even in well-developed systems (Alonso et al., 2004; Khon et al., 2004; Lora et al., 2012). To reduce barriers to psychiatric care, the Italian mental health care system was reformed in 1978 to foster community-oriented networks of mental health facilities (Piccinelli et al...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Martina Curto, Enrico Pompili, Cristiana Silvestrini, Pina Bellizzi, Serena Navari, Pieritalo Pompili, Agostino Manzi, Valeria Bianchini, Cristiano Carlone, Stefano Ferracuti, Giuseppe Nicol ò, Ross J Baldessarini Source Type: research
Musical Disability in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental in origin, and characterized by impaired social communications and interactions, along with repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities. Individuals with ASD may have a great interest in mathematics, art, or music, and occasionally have a remarkable talent in one of these fields. Musical savants with autism are individuals with superior ability in musical perception and production, despite their intellectual and social impairments. Several studies show that individuals with autism have better musical ability (sound reproduction, note identification, and pitch perce...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Satoko Sota, Sanae Hatada, Kinji Honjyo, Tomoyuki Takatsuka, William G. Honer, Shigeru Morinobu, Ken Sawada Source Type: research
Test-retest reliability of short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in patients with schizophrenia
Abnormal inhibitory functions are commonly observed in schizophrenia and many neuropsychiatric conditions (Radhu et al., 2013; Rogasch et al., 2014). Reliable biomarkers indexing inhibitory dysfunctions for schizophrenia have been sought after for decades. Reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is the most consistently replicated abnormality using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) across studies (Bunse et al., 2014), although there is a lack of data on its test-retest reliability in schizophrenia. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiaoming Du, L. Elliot Hong Source Type: research
Association of Suicidal Ideation withTrajectories of Deployment-Related PTSD Symptoms
As in many countries, the Reserve Component of the United States (US) Armed Forces plays an important role in national defense. The US's Reserve Component is comprised of approximately 1.1 million service members, which accounts for 45% of the military's overall strength (NATO, 2004). The Reserve Component has played a pivotal role in recent conflict, with reservists accounting for approximately 40% of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) deployed forces (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jing Wang, Robert J. Ursano, Oscar I. Gonzalez, Dale W. Russell, Hieu Dinh, Lizabelle Hernandez, Robert K. Gifford, Gregory H. Cohen, Laura Sampson, Sandro Galea, Carol S. Fullerton Source Type: research
Childhood malnutrition and maltreatment are linked with personality disorder symptoms in adulthood: results from a Barbados lifespan cohort
Both childhood malnutrition and maltreatment (abuse and/or neglect) are associated with mental health problems that persist into adulthood, including personality pathology (Battle et al., 2004; Johnson et al., 1999). Most studies on these early adversities, however, do not examine their unique and combined associations with mental health outcomes, despite evidence that these early adversities often co-occur (Dong et al., 2004). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rebecca S. Hock, Cyralene P. Bryce, Laura Fischer, Michael B. First, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice, Paul T. Costa, Janina R. Galler Source Type: research
Association of lifestyle-related factors and psychological factors on quality of life in people with schizophrenia
People with schizophrenia are at high risk of developing a range of physical health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, metabolic syndrome and diabetes (Cimo et al., 2012; Correll et al., 2017; Crump et al., 2013). Behavioural and lifestyle-related factors appear to be significant contributors for poor physical health (Leas and McCabe, 2007), namely insufficient engagement in moderate and vigorous physical activity (Stubbs et al., 2016a), poor sleep quality (Cohrs, 2008; Wulff et al., 2012), unhealthy dietary habits (Brown et al., 1999; Dipasquale et al., 2013; Peet, 2004; Teasdale et al., 2017a) a...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Raquel Costa, T ânia Bastos, Michel Probst, André Seabra, Sandra Abreu, Estela Vilhena, Simon Rosenbaum, Philip B Ward, Rui Corredeira Source Type: research
