Inhibition of iNOS ameliorates traumatic stress-induced deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as warfare, traffic collisions, or other threats on a person's life (Sorrell, 2013). Imaging studies have demonstrated that there was a reduction of hippocampus volume in PTSD patients, which was correlated with illness severity and the degree of cognitive deficit (Bremner et al., 1999). Accordingly, the hippocampal formation (HF), a key brain structure for explicit memor y, is one of the most affected areas in PTSD, presenting functional abnormalities (Hughes and Shin, 2011). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiaoliang Wang, Huifang Wang, Huafang Li Source Type: research
Is suicide risk a predictor of diagnosis conversion to bipolar disorder?
The prevalence of bipolar disorder range from 1% to 7.5% in epidemiological studies (Moreira et al., 2017; Jansen et al., 2011). The rate of suicide attempts and completed suicide is exceedingly high in bipolar disorder. A recent systematic review showed that the rate of suicide attempts spans 25% to 50%, and that 8% to 19% of patients with bipolar disorder will complete suicide (Latalova et al., 2014). In addition, the authors showed that the main risk factors for suicide include a younger age of onset of the illness, history of past suicidal behavior, family history of suicide acts, comorbid borderline personality disord...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso, Tha íse Campos Mondin, Laura Barzoni, Luísa Toralles, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza Source Type: research
Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation and affectivity in adults seeking treatment for obesity
Prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) today has become a growing concern worldwide (WHO, 2016). In addition to the well-documented physical health risks, such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, hypertension and certain types of cancer (Mensink et al., 2013), obesity carries out several adverse effects on psycholo gical well-being. For instance, adults with obesity experience poorer quality of life and more mental distress compared to the general population (e.g., Abilés et al., 2010; Kolotkin et al., 2012; Luppino et al., 2010), and individuals diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) are...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Federica Andrei, Chiara Nuccitelli, Giacomo Mancini, Giulio Marchesini Reggiani, Elena Trombini Source Type: research
Impact of PTSD on Post-Concussive Symptoms, Neuropsychological Functioning, and Pain in Post-9/11 Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Prior work suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) worsens post-concussive symptoms (PCS), neuropsychological functioning, and pain-related outcomes in post-9/11 veterans. However, the impact of PTSD in the context of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is not entirely clear. We evaluated possible differences among veterans with deployment-related mTBI with and without PTSD, and a comparison group. We hypothesized that veterans with comorbid mTBI and PTSD would report more PCS, perform worse on neuropsychological tasks, and report greater pain intensity and maladaptive pain coping relative to those without PTSD...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Darrin M. Aase, Joseph M. Babione, Eric Proescher, Justin E. Greenstein, Julia A. DiGangi, Christopher Schroth, Amy E. Kennedy, Stacey Feeley, Michelle Tan, David Cosio, K. Luan Phan Source Type: research
Rejection Sensitivity and Borderline Personality Disorder Features: A Mediation Model of Effortful Control and Intolerance of Ambiguity
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and complex mental illness, which causes substantial challenges for patients, mental health professionals (Langley and Klopper, 2005), and their families (Lazarus et al., 2014). Disturbed interpersonal relationships are one of the core features and important factors underlying the variety of symptoms in BPD (Lazarus et al., 2014; Sanislow et al., 2002). Although robust evidence indicates that BPD patients experience interpersonal problems, the mechanisms underlying these problems are still not well understood. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Momoko Sato, Peter Fonagy, Patrick Luyten Source Type: research
Korean adults ’ beliefs about and social distance toward attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder
The Korean media recently showed mothers of children with disabilities kneeling before other residents to appeal for their consent to build a special education school in their neighborhood. The residents were against the school, as they were concerned that it would reduce the value of their houses (Chang, 2017). This issue demonstrated the stigma and social exclusion that children with disabilities and their families face in Korean society. Negative social attitudes are particularly strong toward those with mental, rather than physical, illnesses with more blaming view and perception of unpredictability and negative outcom...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Subin Park, Yeeun Lee, Chul Eung Kim Source Type: research
Sleep quality components and mental health: Study with a non-clinical population
The relationship between sleep quality and mental health has been previously addressed and resulting data has attested it (Kilicaslan et al., 2017; João et al., 2016; João et al., 2018; Reddy et al., 2017). Studies have established a strong relationship between sleep disturbances, depression (Kalmback et al., 2014; Plumb et al., 2014; Riemann, 2014), anxiety (Kalmback et al., 2014; Mellman, 2006; Plumb et al., 2014; Roth e t al., 2006) and stress (Almojali et al., 2017; Meerlo et al., 2008). Yet, this evidence is more abundant in clinical populations when compared to populations with no specific clinical comp...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Karine Alexandra Del Rio Jo ão, Saul Neves de Jesus, Cláudia Carmo, Patrícia Pinto Source Type: research
Measuring the consequences of a bipolar or unipolar mood disorder and the immediate and ongoing impacts.
Mood disorders are known to lead to significant impairment and disability and impact on quality of life and life satisfaction (Calabrese et al., 2003; Greenberg et al., 2015). Many measures have been developed to capture and quantify those constructs, with the most widely used scales including the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) within DSM-IV, and the World Health Organisation Health and Work Performance Scale (Kessler et al., 2003). These have a secondary objective of allowing economic analyses to be undertaken. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gordon Parker, Stacey McCraw, Gabriela Tavella, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic Source Type: research
Serum levels of TNF-alpha in patients with chronic schizophrenia during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study)
First and second generation antipsychotic drugs still constitute the unquestioned first-choice therapy of schizophrenia, but this treatment has its limited efficacy against the broad spectrum of symptoms. Antipsychotics control positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders, bizarre behavior) relatively well, but the primary negative, cognitive and affective dimensions remain rather resistant. Compounds with glutamatergic, cholinergic or serotonergic properties are currently under investigation as new treatment options, mostly for augmenting complementing and enhancing the effects of antipsychotics (Ellait...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dominik Strzelecki, Ma łgorzata Urban-Kowalczyk, Adam Wysokiński Source Type: research
rTMS ameliorated depressive-like behaviors by restoring HPA axis balance and prohibiting hippocampal neuron apoptosis in a rat model of depression
Depression is complex emotional disorde which often characterized by anhedonia, hopelessness, exacerbated guilt, painful physical symptoms, and memory deficits (Kelvin, 2016; Castaneda et al.,2008),and it is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation treatment for a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases(Devlin et al., 2007; George et al., 2007) that has been shown to improve emotional, cognitive, sensory, and motor functions(Rossi et al., 2009). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lin Zhao, Huicong Ren, Shina Gu, Xiaodan Li, Cuihong Jiang, Juan Li, Mengmeng Zhang, Junlin Mu, Wenqiang Li, Wensheng Wang, Zhaohui Zhang, Jinggui Song Source Type: research
Psychosis and synthetic cannabinoids
Synthetic cannabinoid (SC) products are “herbal” mixtures laced with various SCs and sold around the world under a variety of brand names such as Spice, K2, and Kush. Available in Europe since around 2004 (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, 2014), it wasn't until 2008 that the psychoactive SC, JWH-018, was first reported in th e “herbal” blend Spice in the United States (The White House, n.d.). These products are typically smoked or inhaled, producing a cannabis-like high; however, unlike cannabis, SCs are not detected by common drug screens (Piggee, 2009). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Huiqiong Deng, Christopher D. Verrico, Thomas R. Kosten, David A. Nielsen Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review of Safety and Efficacy
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation technique that is able to modulate cortical excitability (Wagner et al., 2007; Hallett, 2007; Wassermann and Lisanby, 2001). It consists of focused electromagnetic pulses of high intensity administered through a coil. The fast passage of electric current in the coil induces a transient, high intensity magnetic pulse that unimpededly crosses the scalp and reaches the underlying cortex. In the targeted cortex, the magnetic pulse generates an electric current which can induce depolarization of superficial cortical neurons and interconnected areas benea...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fady Rachid Source Type: research
Metabolic syndrome, depression and anhedonia among young adults
Anhedonia is defined by DSM-V as the diminished ability to obtain pleasure from otherwise positive stimuli and as a keystone symptom of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is one of the main symptoms of depression and recent studies indicate that approximately 40% of individuals diagnosed with depression experience significant anhedonia (Pelizza and Ferrari, 2009; Romer Thomsen et al., 2015; Spijker et al., 2001). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira, Karen Jansen, Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso, Tha íse Campos Mondin, Igor Soares Vieira, Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães, Flavio Kapczinski, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Jean Pierre Oses, Carolina David W Source Type: research
Dimensional Analysis of Emotion Trajectories Before and After Disordered Eating Behaviors in a Sample of Women with Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia nervosa (BN) is robustly associated with mood disturbances (e.g., Haedt-Matt and Keel, 2011; Smyth et al., 2007). According to the affect regulation model, binge eating and purging are maintained because both are negatively reinforced via temporary relief of emotional distress (Hawkins and Clement, 1984; Polivy and Herman, 1993). Research utilizing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology supports this hypothesis by demonstrating the trajectory of negative affect increases prior to and decreases following bulimic behaviors (e.g., Smyth et al., 2007; Berg et al., 2013). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kendra R. Becker, Sarah Fischer, Ross D. Crosby, Scott G. Engel, Stephen A. Wonderlich Source Type: research
Anger rumination and unjust world beliefs moderate the association between cyberbullying victimization and psychiatric symptoms
Recent advancements in modern technology have offered a wealth of new possibilities in terms of communication and knowledge acquisition. In addition to the wide range of new opportunities, particular attention has been paid to potential threats such as aggression in cyber-interactions. Cyberbullying, defined as a repeated, aggressive act performed through electronic devices (Tokunaga, 2010), has raised serious concerns due to its negative mental health consequences (Bauman and Bellmore, 2015). According to a recent meta-analysis, the prevalence rates of cyberbullying victimization ranged between 10% and 40% across 165 ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ágnes Zsila, Róbert Urbán, Zsolt Demetrovics Source Type: research
