Reply to comments on “A pilot study assessing retinal pathology in psychosis using optical coherence tomography: Choroidal and macular thickness”
We are delighted by the interest in our report (Joe et al., 2018). The opportunity to assess the neurovasculature, neuronal integrity, and inflammation that are afforded with OCT are highly promising for mental health research. The authors of both letters have quite accurately indicated that a large number of variables can affect choroidal thickness, all of which should be considered in a larger study, as suggested (Tan et al., 2018; Desideri et al., 2018). Diurnal variation in choroidal thickness is indeed demonstrated by prior studies. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Meleha Ahmad, Peter Joe, Dolores Malaspina, Roland Theodore Smith Source Type: research
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Source: Psychiatry Research - May 29, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Development and validation of Attitudes towards Recovery Questionnaire across Chinese people in recovery, their family carers, and service providers in Hong Kong
Recovery was historically considered as impossible for people with severe mental illness because severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia have long been regarded as chronic mental health conditions with an inevitably deteriorating course and poor outcomes (Andresen et al., 2003; Schuldberg et al., 1999). Thus, mental health service providers often hold pessimistic attitudes towards recovery that deprive their service users of hope and aspirations for recovery (Davidson et al., 2006). Evolved from the consumer advocacy movement, personal recovery has emerged as an alternative discourse for conceptualizing mental illnes...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 29, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Winnie W.S. Mak, Randolph C.H. Chan, Sania S.W. Yau Source Type: research
Early Scars are Forever: Childhood Abuse in Patients with Adult-Onset PTSD is Associated with Increased Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidity
Psychiatric comorbidity seems to be the norm rather than the exception in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Creamer et al., 2001). In the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), 88% of men and 79% of women with chronic PTSD met criteria for at least one other mental disorder. Lifetime PTSD was associated with increased odds of mood, anxiety, alcohol abuse/dependence, and drug abuse/dependence (Kessler et al., 1995). The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being reported that another psychiatric disorder was present over the past 12 months in 85 ±2% of males and 79±7% of females with PTSD. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 29, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: M árcio Gekker, Evandro Silva Freire Coutinho, William Berger, Mariana Pires da Luz, Alexandre Xavier Gomes de Araújo, Luiz Felipe Araújo da Costa Pagotto, Carla Marques-Portella, Ivan Figueira, Mauro Vitor Mendlowicz Source Type: research
Identifying improvable employment-related factors in schizophrenia patients
Employment in society is highly important for recovery in schizophrenia patients (Andreasen et al., 2005; Schennach et al., 2012; Secker et al., 2001; Üçok et al., 2012). Schizophrenia patients face employment rates as low as 8 to 35% in various countries including Japan (Anthony et al., 1987; Brekke et al., 1993; Gaite et al., 2002; Marwaha et al., 2004; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 2010; Rogers et al., 1988). It is important to identify the factors critical to their employment. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tadashi Hasegawa, Tasuku Hashimoto, Nobuhisa Kanahara, Hiroshi Yamanaka, Minoru Ishige, Yasunori Sato, Masaomi Iyo Source Type: research
Emotion Dysregulation, Impulsivity and Personality Disorder Traits: A Community Sample Study
Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity are often examined to understand individual differences in personality and personality disorder (PD) traits. A focus on emotion dysregulation and impulsivity is central to understanding the development of PDs, the relations between PD traits and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and is therefore considered a crucial element for the prevention and treatment of PDs (Linehan, 1993; Livesley and Jang, 2000; Livesley et al., 2015; Velotti et al., 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carlo Garofalo, Patrizia Velotti, Antonino Callea, Raffaele Popolo, Giampaolo Salvatore, Francesca Cavallo, Giancarlo Dimaggio Source Type: research
The profile of cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine users
Ketamine is a derivative of phencyclidine (PCP). The main pharmacological mechanism of ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Ketamine is commonly known as "K powder" in China, and several epidemiological surveys (Chen et al., 2009; Lian et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2008) have reported that ketamine is one of the most commonly abused drugs in China. Approximately 25% of drug users in the Beijing area reported to have used ketamine in recent years (Wang et al., 2008). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiaoyin Ke, Yi Ding, Ke Xu, Hongbo He, Daping Wang, Xuefeng Deng, Xifan Zhang, Yanling Zhou, Chao Zhou, Yuping Liu, Yuping Ning, Ni Fan Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Late gestation immune activation increases IBA1-positive immunoreactivity levels in the corpus callosum of adult rat offspring
Schizophrenia has complex neurodevelopmental origins underpinned by genetic and environmental factors (Owen et al., 2005; Wilson and Terry, 2010). Many of these environmental risk factors impact on the prenatal stages of development, with alterations in the maternal-foetal environment having the potential to produce long-lasting and significant influence on normal neurodevelopmental processes (Lewis and L evitt, 2002). Considerable epidemiological evidence has shown that exposure to bacterial (Babulas et al., 2006; Sorensen et al., 2009) or viral infection (reviewed in Brown and Derkits (2010)) during pregnancy inc...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ryan J. Duchatel, Crystal L. Meehan, Lauren R. Harms, Patricia T. Michie, Mark J. Bigland, Doug W. Smith, Frederick R. Walker, Phillip Jobling, Deborah M. Hodgson, Paul A. Tooney Source Type: research
Social Impairment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Affects Parental Quality of Life in Different Ways
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in reciprocal socialization, qualitative impairment in communication, and repetitive or unusual behavior (Levy, Mandell,& Schultz, 2009; Volkmar& McPartland, 2014). In the 1960s, the prevalence of ASD was only 0.04% (Lotter, 1966). However, the median worldwide prevalence has increased to 0.62–0.70% (Elsabbagh et al., 2012; Lai, Lombardo,& Baron-Cohen, 2014), and the estimated prevalence in China is 0.27% at present (Sun et al., 2013). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ying Wang, Lu Xiao, Run-Sen Chen, Chen Chen, Guang-Lei Xun, Xiao-Zi Lu, Yi-Dong Shen, Ren-Rong Wu, Kun Xia, Jing-Ping Zhao, Jian-Jun Ou Source Type: research
Stress management versus cognitive restructuring in trauma-affected refugees —A pragmatic randomised study
In mid-2015 the number of refugees worldwide was the highest in 20 years (UNHCR, 2016). A systematic review by Steel et al. found that the proportion of refugees suffering from trauma-related mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, is as high as 30% (Steel et al., 2009). Thus, the demand for effective treatment for this group is expected to increase rapidly over the coming years. We also know that trauma-affected refugees often show a complex symptom pattern probably reflecting the long time period with traumatic events, the high number of traumatic events experienced as well as the characteris...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica Carlsson, Charlotte Sonne, Erik Vindbjerg, Erik Lykke Mortensen Source Type: research
Childhood maltreatment and problematic social media use: The role of attachment and depression
Childhood maltreatment is associated with many maladaptive outcomes. These include insecure attachment (Baer and Martinez, 2006), mental health difficulties (Cicchetti and Toth, 2005), and problematic internet use (Yates et al., 2012). The main aspects of problematic internet use include cognitive preoccupation with the internet, an inability to control internet use, and continued internet use despite negative consequences (G ámez-Guadix et al., 2012). According to Davis (2001), problematic internet use can be generalised or specific: generalised problematic internet use is conceptualised as general, multidimensional over...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joanne D. Worsley, Jason C. McIntyre, Richard P. Bentall, Rhiannon Corcoran Source Type: research
Could schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder be distinguishable using cognitive profiles?
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that manifests with positive symptoms and negative symptoms (Cuesta and Peralta, 2009). Bipolar I disorder (BD) is an affective disorder that is characterized by severe mood swings, and some patients with BD also develop symptoms of psychosis (Dell'Osso et al., 2002). Schizoaffective disorder (SAD) has characteristics of both schizophrenia and affective disorde rs (Rink et al., 2016). SAD has been argued to be a discrete entity, a subtype of schizophrenia or BD, or an intermediate on a dimensional continuum between schizophrenia and BD (Pagel et al., 2013b; Santelmann et ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chih-Ken Chen, Chun-Yi Lee, Yu Lee, Chi-Fa Hung, Yu-Chi Huang, Sheng-Yu Lee, Ming-Chyi Huang, Mian-Yoon Chong, Yi-Chih Chen, Liang-Jen Wang Source Type: research
Low serum free thyroxine level is correlated with lipid profile in depressive patients with suicide attempt
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, complex, and recurrent psychiatric disease. Multiple factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD, but the roles of genetic, environmental, and social factors in the occurrence of depression have been extensively studied (Caspi et al., 2003). In a survey on the Global Health System (Nock et al., 2008), MDD is a common disorder with lifetime prevalence approximately 3-17% of the global population. Suicide accounts for approximate 1-2% of global deaths, regarding it as the 15th leading cause of mortality (World Health Organization., 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rui Peng, Wen Dai, Yan Li Source Type: research
Occupational Stress and Suicidality Among Firefighters: Examining the Buffering Role of Distress Tolerance
Over the past several years, research has identified firefighters to be an occupational group at increased risk for suicide (see Stanley, Hom,& Joiner, 2016, for review). One study of 1,027 male and female career and volunteer firefighters throughout the United States (U.S.) found rates of suicide ideation and attempts occurring throughout one's career as a firefighter (i.e., career rates) to be 46.8% and 15.5%, respectively (Stanley et al., 2015). Similarly, a separate investigation of female firefighters found elevated rates of suicidality, with 37.7% reporting career suicide ideation and 3.5% reporting a career suicide ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ian H. Stanley, Joseph W. Boffa, Lia J. Smith, Jana K. Tran, N. Brad Schmidt, Thomas E. Joiner, Anka A. Vujanovic Source Type: research
