Stability and mutual prospective relationships of stereotyped beliefs about mental illness, hope and depressive symptoms among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
While the definition of recovery is still work in progress, its broad framework is already determined. Recovery processes comprise individually biomedical, psychological, social and political processes. (Bellack, 2006; Williams et al., 2015). Focussing on the psychological perspectives of recovery, hope is known to encourage recovery (Allot et al., 2002; Andresen et al., 2003) whereas depressive symptoms and internalized stigma are identified as barriers to recovery processes in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Corrigan et al., 2009; Munoz et al., 2011; Oexle et al., 2018; Wallcraft, 2012). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nina Lagger, Michaela Amering, Ingrid Sibitz, Andrea Gmeiner, Beate Schrank Source Type: research
Increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in depressive adolescents is correlated with the severity of depression.
A growing body of evidence has emphasized the role of low-grade inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) (Dowlati et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2014). Contrary to previous belief, it is well documented that the immune system and brain are in complex bidirectional interaction in health and disease (Bilbo and Schwarz, 2012; Yirmiya and Goshen, 2011). Studies suggest that immune mediators may affect neurotransmission, neural activity and neuroendocrine pathways leading to MDD (Capuron and Miller, 2011; Dantzer et al., 2011; Leonard and Maes, 2012; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gonca Özyurt, Nagihan Cevher Binici Source Type: research
Antidepressants-Related Cardiovascular Adverse Events Using the Adverse Event Reporting System
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines depression as a common mental disorder, characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest in activities, disturbed sleep, low self-worth, and poor concentration (World Health Organization, 2017). The Global Burden of Diseases Study demonstrated that depressive disorders will be the second most common contributor to the global disease burden by 2030 (Mathers and Loncar, 2006). In the United States, antidepressants are one of the three most commonly used therapeutic drug classes (National Center for Health Statistics (US), 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 6, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yoon Kyong Lee, Jung Su Shin, Youngwon Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Yun-Kyoung Song, Jung Mi Oh, In-Wha Kim Source Type: research
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Brief Behavioral Measure of Psychotic Propensity
Psychosis assessment is a primary strength of the Rorschach inkblot task (e.g., Mihura et al., 2013; Wood et al., 2000). The task provides the only performance-based measure of psychotic propensity that has been extensively validated and normed. Its dimensional scores provide incremental validity over self-report, neuropsychological, and structured interview techniques (Cadenhead et al., 1996; Dao et al., 2008; Dawes, 1999; Kleiger, 2017; Meyer, 1996, 1997, 2000; Mihura et al., 2013; Moore et al., 2013; Perry and Braff, 1994; Perry et al., 1999; Su et al., 2015; Viglione et al., 2003; Zillmer and Perry, 1996). (...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joshua J. Eblin, Gregory J. Meyer, Joni L. Mihura, Donald J. Viglione, Emily T. O'Gorman Source Type: research
Maladaptive Personality Traits in Patients Identified at Lower-Risk and Higher-Risk for Psychosis
A psychosis-risk state is characterized as the putative prodromal phase preceding the onset of a first psychotic episode (McGlashan et al., 2001, 2010). Globally, increased emphasis upon early identification of schizophrenia has precipitated the classification of an ‘at-risk mental state’ for psychosis, and can be identified using well-validated semi-structured clinical interviews (Cannon et al., 2008). Those identified as ‘at-risk’ typically present with attenuated psychotic symptoms and are thought to be vulnerable to a full fledged psychotic disorder. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lauren Drvaric, R. Michael Bagby, Michael Kiang, Romina Mizrahi Source Type: research
The relationship between night eating symptoms and disordered eating attitudes via insomnia and chronotype differences
In mammals, diurnal rhythms in behavioral and physiological are driven by a circadian clock which is managed by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as the main pacemaker in the hypothalamus and by peripheral oscillators from most body cells. The SCN is mainly regulated by light/dark cycles, as the executive of the circadian clock, plays a leading role in determining chronotypes (Mendoza, 2007; Zerbini and Merrow, 2017). Numerous studies over the years have revealed that these “chronotypes” differ from each other in the timing of physiological variables, such as body temperature, cortisol and melatonin secretion; as well a...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ali Kandeger, Umran Egilmez, Ayca A. Sayin, Yavuz Selvi Source Type: research
Longitudinal assessment of the effect of cannabis use on hospital readmission rates in early psychosis: a 6-year follow-up in an inpatient cohort
In recent years, more attention has been paid to the public health impact of cannabis use, especially by young adults (Hall and Lynskey, 2016) with evidence of a growing prevalence of regular cannabis use worldwide, with approximately 200 million users (National Academies of Sciences, 2017). Convergent and replicated findings indicate that cannabis use can induce psychotic symptoms (Henquet et al., 2005; Skinner et al., 2011; van Gastel et al., 2012) and increase the risk of developing a psychotic disorder (Colizzi and Murray, 2018; Moore et al., 2007; Radhakrishnan et al., 2014; Sami et al., 2017), especially in young and...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marco Colizzi, Natoy Burnett, Rosalia Costa, Mattia De Agostini, James Griffin, Sagnik Bhattacharyya Source Type: research
Childhood Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse, and Neglect are Associated with Theory of Mind Decoding Accuracy in Young Adults with Depression
Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide (WHO, 2017), and is associated with significant impairment in interpersonal functioning (Barrett and Barber, 2007). The social cognitive foundation of successful interpersonal functioning is ‘theory of mind,’ or the ability to decode and reason about others’ internal mental states (Wellman, 1990). Two recent meta-analyses of studies comparing patient groups to healthy individuals have confirmed significantly poorer theory of mind performance in depression (Bora and Berk, 2016; Richman and Unoka, 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Katerina Rnic, Mark A. Sabbagh, Dustin Washburn, R. Michael Bagby, Arun Ravindran, James L. Kennedy, John Strauss, Kate L. Harkness Source Type: research
The relationship between serum cytokine levels and degree of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide (McGrath et al., 2008) The World Health Organization ranked it as one of the top ten illnesses contributing to the global burden of disease (2015; McGrath et al., 2008; Murray and Lopez, 1997). Schizophrenia is a complex multifaceted syndrome characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (e.g., real ity distortion, as well as disorganized thoughts and behavior), negative symptoms (e.g., a diminished expression symptom cluster), cognitive decline and mood alterations (Carpenter et al., 1974). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shani Dahan, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Ayala Yogev, Mayan Bar-Gad, Vivian Barak, Howard Amital, Daniela Amital Source Type: research
Exploring Anxiety in schizophrenia: new light on a hidden figure
Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder with strong impact on patient's functioning and quality of life (Olsson et al., 2016). Anxiety experienced by patients with schizophrenia is so far one of the least studied features of this invalidating illness and further investigation is needed (Buonocore et al., 2017). However, before addressing this topic in patients with schizophrenia, a definition of the anxiety construct is needed for clarity. Anxiety and stress are often conceptually overlapped and the debate in literature concerns their specific definition and relationship. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mariachiara Buonocore, Marta Bosia, Maria Alice Baraldi, Margherita Bechi, Marco Spangaro, Federica Cocchi, Laura Bianchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Antonella Rita Mastromatteo, Roberto Cavallaro Source Type: research
Anxiety, Depression, and Anger in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) is a group of diseases characterized by symptoms such as dyspepsia and intestinal motility changes that cannot be explained by the presence of organic abnormalities. Individuals with FGID experience periods of exacerbation and relapse of symptoms (Drossman, 2006a). FGID is a heterogeneous group of diseases that includes dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and constipation (Drossman, 2007). The most common FGID are functional dyspepsia (FD) (14.6%) and IBS (31.7%) (Nakajima et al., 2010). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Berna bulut çakmak, Güler Özkula, Sedat IŞIKLI, İbrahim Özkan Göncüoğlu, Serkan Öcal, Ali Altınöz, Nilgun Taskintuna Source Type: research
Health Risk Behaviors and Psychological Problems among South Korean, North Korean, and Other Multicultural Family Adolescents (2011-2016)
According to the Multicultural Families Support Act in South Korea, the term ‘multicultural families’ is defined as a family comprised of an immigrant by marriage or a person who has acquired nationality of the Republic of Korea pursuant to the Nationality Act and the term ‘children and youth’ means persons aged 24 years or younger. It is estimated that in South Kore a there are 278,036 multicultural families and 82,476 children aged 9 to 24, which is increased by 24.0% compared to a 2012 survey (Chung et al., 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Subin Park, Minji Lee, Se Jin Park, Min Geu Lee Source Type: research
Characteristics of a suicide attempt predict who makes another attempt after hospital discharge: A decision-tree investigation
Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, and second among individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 (Drapeau and McIntosh, 2016). One of the most high-risk periods for suicide attempts and subsequent death by suicide is in the year following psychiatric hospitalization (Chung et al., 2017), and individuals who are initially hospitalized for suicidal ideation or behaviors appear to be at greatest risk for subsequent death by suicide (Chung et al., 2017). Identifying risk factors associated with post-discharge suicidal behavior is therefore important to suicide prevention during this period of elevat...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joshua T. Jordan, Dale E. McNiel Source Type: research
Prolonged Grief and Attachment Security: A Latent Class Analysis
There is significant heterogeneity in the frequency, duration, and intensity of grief reactions. Whereas the majority of individuals may experience some temporary disruptions in mood, these individuals are typically able to adjust to their loss without extended impairment (Bonanno and Kaltman, 2004). In contrast, between 7-10% of bereaved individuals will experience Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD; or complicated grief or Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder; Lundorff et al., 2017; Nielsen et al., 2017; Prigerson et al., 2009). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fiona Maccallum, Richard A. Bryant Source Type: research
Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between cannabis users and non-drug users: a retrospective study of patients with first hospitalization due to psychotic symptoms
It has been frequently demonstrated that cannabis use and, specifically, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active compound in cannabis, can induce a psychotic experience, usually of a transient nature (D'Souza et al., 2004; Gage et al., 2016). A substantial body of evidence has established an association between cannabis use and the development of a psychotic d isorder (reviewed by Casadio et al., 2011; Gage et al., 2016), and cannabis use is considered a risk factor for a later development of a psychotic disorder (Myles et al., 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Livia Balan Moshe, Abraham Weizman, David H. Ben Dor, Shai Konas, Zvi Fischel, Dov Aizenberg, Doron Gothelf, Avi Valevski Source Type: research
