The Effect of Cold Ischemia Time and/or Formalin Fixation on Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Results in Breast Carcinoma.
Conclusions. Cold ischemia time and/or formalin fixation affect mainly ER and PR testing with low Allred scores and support the implementation of the ASCO/CAP guidelines. HER2 results, however, were not affected in our limited number of patients.
PMID: 22482085 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Development of Immunopathogenesis Strategies to Treat Behçet's Disease.
Authors: Köse O
Abstract
Behçet disease is a chronic relapsing vasculitis with unclear etiology and immunopathogenesis. Antigenic stimuli, antigen presenting cells, T cells, monocyte, and neutrophil and endothelial cells are major parts of the pathology of the disease. Understanding of the new pathogenic mechanisms based on molecular structure of the disease helps us in improving the novel therapeutic modalities. These drugs target specific and nonspecific inhibition of the immun system. These therapies include biologic agents, new topical and systemic immunosuppressants, tolerizing agents, and immunoabl...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Bladder cancer detection using electrical impedance technique (tabriz mark 1).
Authors: Keshtkar A, Salehnia Z, Keshtkar A, Shokouhi B
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm in men and the eighth in women. Bladder pathology is usually investigated visually by cystoscopy. In this technique, biopsies are obtained from the suspected area and then, after needed procedure, the diagnostic information can be taken. This is a relatively difficult procedure and is associated with discomfort for the patient and morbidity. Therefore, the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a minimally invasive screening technique, can be used to separate malignant areas from n...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Clinicopathological features and management of cancers in lynch syndrome.
Authors: Aarnio M
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance of the early onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) and endometrial cancer, as well as increased risk for several other cancers including gastric, urinary tract, ovarian, small bowel, biliary tract, and brain tumors. The syndrome is due to a mutation in one of the four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. The majority of LS patients and families can now be identified, and the underlying mutation detected using genetic diagnostics. Regular surveillance for CRC and endometrial cancer has prove...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Pathological and Immunological Developments in Behcet's Disease.
Authors: Tursen U, Piskin G, Lotti T, Davatchi F
PMID: 22655219 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Cytokeratin on frozen sections of sentinel node may spare breast cancer patients secondary axillary surgery.
Conclusions. IHC on frozen section leads to the detection of more ITC and MIC intraoperatively. As axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is performed routinely in some countries when ITC and MIC are found in the SN, IHC on frozen section provides valuable information that can lead to fewer secondary ALNDs.
PMID: 22655220 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Molecular mechanisms of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis: focusing on the role of stress-activated MAPK.
Authors: Nakagawa H, Maeda S
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Short-term prognosis of patients with HCC has improved recently due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment, but long-term prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, obtaining a further understanding of the molecular carcinogenic mechanisms and the unique pathogenic biology of HCC is important. The most characteristic process in hepatocarcinogenesis is underlying chronic liver injury, which leads to repeated cycles of hepatocyte death, inflammation, and compensatory proliferation...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Endoscopic-ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and the role of the cytopathologist in solid pancreatic lesion diagnosis.
Authors: Iqbal S, Friedel D, Gupta M, Ogden L, Stavropoulos SN
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for solid pancreatic lesions. The specificity, however, is low (about 75%). It can be increased to 100% with an accuracy of 95% by the addition of fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Cytopathology plays an important role. The final diagnosis is based upon the correlation of clinical, EUS, and cytologic features. A close interaction with the cytopathologist is required in improving the diagnostic yield. In this paper, we present an overview of the role of EUS-guided FNA and im...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Diagnosis of B-cell non-hodgkin lymphomas with small-/intermediate-sized cells in cytopathology.
Authors: Schwock J, Geddie WR
Abstract
Fine needle sampling is a fast, safe, and potentially cost-effective method of obtaining tissue for cytomorphologic assessment aimed at both initial triage and, in some cases, complete diagnosis of patients that present clinically with lymphadenopathy. The cytologic diagnosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas composed of small-/intermediate-sized cells, however, has been seen as an area of great difficulty even for experienced observers due to the morphologic overlap between lymphoma and reactive lymphadenopathies as well as between the lymphoma entities themselves. Alt...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Barrett's Esophagus: Emerging Knowledge and Management Strategies.
Authors: Bhardwaj A, McGarrity TJ, Stairs DB, Mani H
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased exponentially in the last 3 decades. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor of EAC. Patients with BE have a greater than 40 folds higher risk of EAC compared with the general population. Recent years have witnessed a revolution in the clinical and molecular research related to BE. However, several aspects of this condition remain controversial. Data regarding the true prevalence of BE have varied widely. Recent studies have suggested a lower incidence of EAC in nondyspl...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2: expression, roles, and potential as a novel molecular target for colorectal cancer.
Authors: Matsuda Y, Ueda J, Ishiwata T
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family consists of four members, named FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4. All 4 FGFRs and their ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), are expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies have shown that FGFR2 plays important roles in cancer progression; therefore, it is of great interest as a novel target for cancers. Expression of FGFR2 regulates migration, invasion, and growth in CRC. Expression of the FGFR2 isoform FGFR2 IIIb was associated with well-differentiated histological types, and its specific ligand, FGF7, en...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Role of Multiparameter Analysis of AgNORs in FNA Smears of Thyroid Swellings in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Lesions.
Conclusions. AgNOR analysis in the FNA smears is a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid swellings.
PMID: 22792510 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Retrospective Case-Control Study of Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin Protein Expression in Early Liveborn Neonatal Deaths with and without Pontosubicular Necrosis.
Conclusions. Apo J neuronal protein expression is significantly increased in cases with PSN compared to cases without PSN-independent of gestation, presence of clinical asphyxia, duration of labour, or postnatal age.
PMID: 22848862 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Malignant mixed mullerian tumor: an immunohistochemical study.
In this study, immunohistochemical stains of germ cell markers, including SALL4, OCT3/4, glypican-3, and alpha-fetal protein (AFP), and CDX2 were performed in a series of MMMTs. SALL4 nuclear immunoreactivity was detected in 6 out of 19 cases (33%). The staining extent ranged from focal to extensive. The staining intensity was usually intermediate to strong (the score ranged from 1.5 to 3, and average score was 2.3 ± 0.5 in the positive cases). In addition, glypican-3 cytoplasmic reactivity was detected in 14 out of 16 cases (88%) with a mean score of 1.8 ± 0.7 (score ranging from 1 to 3). In contrast, OCT3/4 was only po...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Genetic and epigenetic events generate multiple pathways in colorectal cancer progression.
Authors: Pancione M, Remo A, Colantuoni V
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death, despite decades of research. Initially considered as a disease due to genetic mutations, it is now viewed as a complex malignancy because of the involvement of epigenetic abnormalities. A functional equivalence between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms has been suggested in CRC initiation and progression. A hallmark of CRC is its pathogenetic heterogeneity attained through at least three distinct pathways: a traditional (adenoma-carcinoma sequence), an alternative, and more recently the so-...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
