Molecular events in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a review.
Authors: Kanthan R, Senger JL, Kanthan SC
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), (b) genomic mutations including suppression of tumour suppressor genes and activation of tumour oncogenes, (c) microRNA, and (d) epigenetic changes. As cancer becomes more advanced, invasion and metastases ar...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
The prognostic value of lymph node cross-sectional cancer area in node-positive breast cancer: a comparison with N stage and lymph node ratio.
Authors: Li Y, Holmes E, Shah K, Albuquerque K, Szpaderska A, Erşahin C
Abstract
The number of positive axillary lymph nodes (LNs) is the only node-related factor for prognostic evaluation of breast cancer recognized by AJCC (TNM staging). However, N staging may not completely reflect LN tumor involvement due to the erroneous count of LNs in the presence of matted LNs and different tumor volume in LNs. Additionally, the positive/total LN ratio (LNR) has been shown to outperform N staging in survival prediction. In our study, to better quantify the tumor involvement of axillary LNs, we measured the cross-s...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in ovarian cancer patients with long-term follow-up.
Conclusions. PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β were expressed in a subset of ovarian carcinomas but did not show significant prognostic importance in this material.
PMID: 23094199 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Clear cell carcinomas of the mullerian system: does the pathogenesis vary depending on their nuclear grade and their association with endometriosis? An immunohistochemical analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: HNG CCCs, irrespective of their association with endometriosis, have alterations of p53. In general, LNG ovarian and endometrial CCCs, irrespective of their association with endometriosis/adenomyosis, are less likely to show p53 alteration. It appears that mullerian CCCs may have variable pathogenesis depending on their nuclear grade and association with endometriosis. A larger study is needed to validate these findings.
PMID: 23213623 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
The role of molecular pathology in the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomas.
Authors: Raess PW, Bagg A
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas can be difficult to be distinguished from reactive mimics, even when integrating histologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical findings. Molecular studies, especially PCR-based antigen receptor gene rearrangement (ARGR) analysis, are frequently useful ancillary studies in the evaluation of cutaneous lymphoproliferations. The biologic basis of ARGR studies is discussed, as well as a comparison of various current protocols. The pitfalls and limitations of ARGR analysis are also highlighted. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular patho...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
False-Negative Results of Endoscopic Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV-Infected Patients.
In conclusion, FNRs were found in 35.3% of GI-KS lesions and were especially related to the site of the esophagus and endoscopic early stage (small size or patch appearance). An SMT with ulceration may be relatively easy to diagnose on endoscopic biopsy. Caution should be exercised when performing endoscopic biopsy of these lesions in AIDS patients and evaluating the histological features.
PMID: 23227427 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Neuroinflammation as the proximate cause of signature pathogenic pattern progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Agius LM
Abstract
The realization of injury to large motor neurons is embedded within contextual reference to the parallel pathways of apoptosis and necrosis of system-patterned evolution. A widespread loss of cell components occurs intracellularly and involves a reactive participation to a neuroinflammation that potentially is immunologically definable. In such terms, sporadic and hereditary forms of amyotrophic sclerosis are paralleled by the components of a reactive nature that involve the aggregation of proteins and conformational misfolding on the one hand and a powerful oxidative degradation...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
MET/HGF Signaling Pathway in Ovarian Carcinoma: Clinical Implications and Future Direction.
Authors: Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Afkhami M, Pejovic T
Abstract
The HGF/MET signaling pathway is abnormal in numerous cancers including ovarian cancer. MET is expressed in 70% of human cancer and it is overexpressed in 30% of ovarian cases and cancer cell lines. The HGF/MET pathway plays a role in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer through the most distinctive biologic program known as "invasive growth" which is accomplished through a coordinated activation of cell motility, invasiveness, degradation of extracellular matrix, survival, and proliferation. Because of its ubiquitous role in cancer, t...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Plasmin Activation of Glial Cells through Protease-Activated Receptor 1.
This study has identified a plasmin/PAR1 axis of glial cell activation, linked to changes in glial cell morophology. This adds to our understanding of pathophysiological disease mechanisms of plasmin and the plasminogen system in neuroinjury.
PMID: 23431500 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer among Hispanic Women Living in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis.
Conclusion. Hispanic women with ovarian cancer have a statistically significantly longer median survival compared to whites and blacks. This survival difference was most apparent in patients with epithelial cancers and patients with stage IV disease.
PMID: 23509667 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
A naturally occurring feline model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Wypij JM
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding cancer at the molecular level, timely and effective translation to clinical application of novel therapeutics in human cancer patients is lacking. Cancer drug failure is often a result of toxicity or inefficacy not predicted by preclinical models, emphasizing the need for alternative animal tumor models with improved biologic relevancy. Companion animals (dogs and cats) provide an opportunity to capitalize on an underutilized and biologically relevant translational research model which allows spontaneous disease modeling of human cancer. Head and...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Upregulation of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with salivary gland tumor.
Authors: Andisheh Tadbir A, Khademi B, Malekzadeh M, Mardani M, Khademi B
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is essential for tumor development, invasion, and dissemination. The most potent of the cytokines associated with angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of the present study was to determine VEGF serum level in patients with salivary gland tumor. Using an ELISA kit, the circulating levels of VEGF in sera from 58 patients with salivary gland tumor and 30 healthy controls were assessed. Mean VEGF levels in sera of patients with salivary gland tumors (574.9 ± 414.3) were significantl...
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Diagnostic Modalities of Precancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions with Special Emphasis on CD31 Angiogenesis Factor as a Marker.
Conclusion. Angiogenesis is a marker of tumor progression, and CD31 fixes up vessel better as compared to HE, so aggressiveness of the tumor can be better predicted by MVD-CD31 as compared to MVD-HE.
PMID: 24167753 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Correlation of various techniques in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis on fine needle aspiration cytology.
Conclusion. There is a definite advantage of autofluorescence over Ziehl-Neelsen and auramine-rhodamine which is to detect Mycobacteria, being more sensitive as well as an inexpensive technique. Autofluorescence can be a useful addition to routine cytology for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
PMID: 24171137 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
Comparative Study of Cytomorphological Robinson's Grading for Breast Carcinoma with Modified Bloom-Richardson Histopathological Grading.
Conclusion. In the era of multiple treatment modalities and neoadjuvant therapy, cytological grading can be used as a prognostic factor for better management of patients.
PMID: 24187646 [PubMed] (Source: Pathology Research International)
Source: Pathology Research International - December 2, 2014 Category: Pathology Tags: Patholog Res Int Source Type: research
