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Mining potential biomarkers associated with space flight in Caenorhabditis elegans experienced Shenzhou-8 mission with multiple feature selection techniques
Publication date: Available online 17 August 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Lei Zhao, Ying Gao, Dong Mi, Yeqing Sun To identify the potential biomarkers associated with space flight, a combined algorithm, which integrates the feature selection techniques, was used to deal with the microarray datasets of Caenorhabditis elegans obtained in the Shenzhou-8 mission. Compared with the ground control treatment, a total of 86 differentially expressed (DE) genes in responses to space synthetic environment or space radiation environment were identified by two filter...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - August 17, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

PCNA SUMOylation protects against PCNA polyubiquitination-mediated, Rad59-dependent, spontaneous, intrachromosomal gene conversion
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Agnieszka Halas, Michal Krawczyk, Ewa Sledziewska-Gojska Homologous recombination is crucial in both the maintenance of genome stability and the generation of genetic diversity. Recently, multiple aspects of the recombination machinery functioning at arrested DNA replication forks have been established, yet the roles of diverse modifications of PCNA, the key platform organizing the replication complex, in intrachromosomal recombination have not been comprehensively elucidated. Here, ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - August 2, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

A Pivotal Role of the Jasmonic Acid Signal Pathway in Mediating Radiation-induced Bystander Effects in Arabidopsis thaliana
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Ting Wang, Wei Xu, Chenguang Deng, Shaoxin Xu, Fanghua Li, Yuejin Wu, Lijun Wu, Po Bian Although radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in Arabidopsis thaliana have been well demonstrated in vivo, little is known about their underlying mechanisms, particularly with regard to the participating signaling molecules and signaling pathways. In higher plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its bioactive derivatives are well accepted as systemic signal transducers that are produce...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 29, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

UV-C-Induced alleviation of transcriptional gene silencing through plant –plant communication: Key roles of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways
In this study, we show that DNA repetitive elements of Arabidopsis thaliana, whose expression is inhibited epigenetically by transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) mechanism, are activated by UV-C irradiation through airborne plant–plant and plant–plant–plant communications, accompanied by DNA demethylation at CHH sites. Moreover, the TGS is alleviated by direct treatments with exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA). Further, the plant–plant and plant–plant–plant communications are blocked by mutations in the biosynthesis or signaling of jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA), indicatin...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 20, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

A novel papillation assay for the identification of genes affecting mutation rate in Pseudomonas putida and other pseudomonads
In this study, we have established a novel papillation assay employable in a wide range of pseudomonads including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida for monitoring mutation frequency in distinct colonies. With the aid of this assay, we conducted a genome-wide search for the factors affecting mutation frequency in P. putida. Screening ∼27,000 transposon mutants for increased mutation frequency allowed us to identify 34 repeatedly targeted genes. In addition to genes involved in DNA replication and repair, we identified genes participating in metabolism and transport of secondary metabolites, cell motility, and ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 6, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The PARP inhibitor PJ-34 sensitizes cells to UVA-induced phototoxicity by a PARP independent mechanism
In conclusion, PJ-34 is a photosensitizer and PJ–34+UVA causes DNA damage and caspase-mediated cell death independently of PARP-1 inhibition. Graphical abstract (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Induction of Genomic Instability and Activation of Autophagy in Artificial Human Aneuploid Cells
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Kentaro Ariyoshi, Tomisato Miura, Kosuke Kasai, Yohei Fujishima, Mitsuo Oshimura, Mitsuaki A. Yoshida Chromosome missegregation can lead to a change in chromosome number known as aneuploidy. Although aneuploidy is a known hallmark of cancer cells, the various mechanisms by which altered gene and/or DNA copy number facilitate tumorigenesis remain unclear. To understand the effect of aneuploidy occurring in non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells, we generated clones ha...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 13, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Chromothripsis and epigenomics complete causality criteria for cannabis- and addiction-connected carcinogenicity, congenital toxicity and heritable genotoxicity
Publication date: July 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 789 Author(s): Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse The recent demonstration that massive scale chromosomal shattering or pulverization can occur abruptly due to errors induced by interference with the microtubule machinery of the mitotic spindle followed by haphazard chromosomal annealing, together with sophisticated insights from epigenetics, provide profound mechanistic insights into some of the most perplexing classical observations of addiction medicine, including cancerogenesis, the younger and ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 18, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Site-directed mutants of human RECQ1 reveal functional importance of the zinc binding domain
Publication date: Available online 17 May 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Furqan Sami, Ronald K. Gary, Yayin Fang, Sudha Sharma RecQ helicases are a highly conserved family of ATP-dependent DNA-unwinding enzymes with key roles in DNA replication and repair in all kingdoms of life. The RECQ1 gene encodes the most abundant RecQ homolog in humans. Mutations in RECQ1 significantly increase breast cancer susceptibility. We engineered full-length RECQ1 harboring point mutations in the zinc-binding motif (amino acids 419-480) within the conserved RecQ-specif...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 17, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Abnormal mRNA Splicing but Normal Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in Mice with the Prestin (SLC26A5) IVS2-2A>G mutation
In this study, we created a mouse model in which the IVS2-2A>G mutation was introduced into the mouse Slc26a5 gene by gene targeting. The homozygous Slc26a5 mutant mice were viable and fertile and displayed normal hearing sensitivity by ABR threshold analysis. Whole-mount immunostaining using prestin antibody demonstrated that prestin was correctly targeted to the lateral wall of OHCs, and no obvious hair cell loss occurred in mutant mice. No significant difference in the amount of prestin protein was observed between mutants and controls using western blot analysis. In OHCs isolated from mutants, the NLC was also n...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Different repair kinetic of DSBs induced by mitomycin C in peripheral lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents
In conclusion, lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents showed a distinct temporal kinetic of repairing MMC-induced DSBs, together with a different expression of HMGB1. The finding that obesity may modulate the repair of DNA damage induced in lymphocytes by genotoxic agents should be confirmed by further experiments. (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 5, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Chromothripsis and Epigenetics in the Heritable Genotoxicity, Carcinogenicity and Fetotoxicity of Cannabis and Other Addictions.
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse The recent demonstration that massive scale chromosomal shattering or pulverization can occur abruptly due to errors induced by interference with the microtubule machinery of the mitotic spindle followed by haphazard chromosomal annealing, together with sophisticated insights from epigenetics, provide profound mechanistic insights into some of the most perplexing classical observations of addiction medicine, including cancerogenesis, the younge...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 5, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Signaling factors and pathways of α-particle irradiation induced bilateral bystander responses between Beas-2B and U937 cells
Publication date: Available online 2 May 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Jiamei Fu, Juan Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Ping Wang, Jinping Xu, Cuiping Zhou, Yang Bai, Chunlin Shao Although radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE) have been investigated for decades for their potential health risk, the underlying gene regulation is still largely unclear, especially the roles of immune system and inflammatory response in RIBE. In the present study, macrophage U937 cells and epithelial Beas-2B cells were co-cultured to disclose the cascades of bystander ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 1, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Reprint of “DNA, the central molecule of aging”
Publication date: Available online 28 April 2016 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Peter Lenart, Lumir Krejci Understanding the molecular mechanism of aging could have enormous medical implications. Despite a century of research, however, there is no universally accepted theory regarding the molecular basis of aging. On the other hand, there is plentiful evidence suggesting that DNA constitutes the central molecule in this process. Here, we review the roles of chromatin structure, DNA damage, and shortening of telomeres in aging and propose a hypothesis for how ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - April 28, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

UV-C-Induced alleviation of transcriptional gene silencing through plant–plant communication: Key roles of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways
In this study, we show that DNA repetitive elements of Arabidopsis thaliana, whose expression is inhibited epigenetically by transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) mechanism, are activated by UV-C irradiation through airborne plant–plant and plant–plant–plant communications, accompanied by DNA demethylation at CHH sites. Moreover, the TGS is alleviated by direct treatments with exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA). Further, the plant–plant and plant–plant–plant communications are blocked by mutations in the biosynthesis or signaling of jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA), indicatin...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - April 27, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research