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Eukaryotic 4Rs: DNA replication, repair, recombination, and damage response
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 809Author(s): Kyungjae Myung (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Eukaryotic DNA replication: Orchestrated action of multi-subunit protein complexes
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 809Author(s): Sukhyun Kang, Mi-Sun Kang, Eunjin Ryu, Kyungjae MyungAbstractGenome duplication is an essential process to preserve genetic information between generations. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of functionally distinct phases: G1, S, G2, and M. One of the key replicative proteins that participate at every stage of DNA replication is the Mcm2-7 complex, a replicative helicase. In the G1 phase, inactive Mcm2-7 complexes are loaded on the replication origins by replication-initiator proteins, ORC and ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

So similar yet so different: The two ends of a double strand break
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 809Author(s): Keun P. Kim, Ekaterina V. MirkinAbstractHomologous recombination (HR) is essential for ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes in the first round of meiotic division. HR is also crucial for preserving genomic integrity of somatic cells due to its ability to rescue collapsed replication forks and eliminate deleterious DNA lesions, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), interstrand crosslinks, and single-strand DNA gaps. Here, we review the early steps of HR (homology search and strand exchange), foc...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Microhomology-mediated end joining: Good, bad and ugly
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 809Author(s): Ja-Hwan Seol, Eun Yong Shim, Sang Eun LeeAbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced by a variety of genotoxic agents, including ionizing radiation and chemotherapy drugs for treating cancers. The elimination of DSBs proceeds via distinctive error-free and error-prone pathways. Repair by homologous recombination (HR) is largely error-free and mediated by RAD51/BRCA2 gene products. Classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ) requires the Ku heterodimer and can efficiently rejoin breaks, wit...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Eukaryotic DNA damage responses: Homologous recombination factors and ubiquitin modification
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 809Author(s): Nam Soo Lee, Soomi Kim, Yong Woo Jung, Hongtae KimAbstractTo prevent genomic instability disorders, cells have developed a DNA damage response. The response involves various proteins that sense damaged DNA, transduce damage signals, and effect DNA repair. In addition, ubiquitin modifications modulate the signaling pathway depending on cellular context. Among various types of DNA damage, double-stranded breaks are highly toxic to genomic integrity. Homologous recombination (HR) repair is an essential...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The functional roles of PML nuclear bodies in genome maintenance
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 809Author(s): Hae Ryung Chang, Anudari Munkhjargal, Myung-Jin Kim, Seon Young Park, Eunyoung Jung, Jae-Ha Ryu, Young Yang, Jong-Seok Lim, Yonghwan KimAbstractIn the nucleus, there are several membraneless structures called nuclear bodies. Among them, promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are involved in multiple genome maintenance pathways including the DNA damage response, DNA repair, telomere homeostasis, and p53-associated apoptosis. In response to DNA damage, PML-NBs are coalesced and divided by a f...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Pattern of mitochondrial D-loop variations and their relation with mitochondrial encoded genes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 810Author(s): Anudishi Tyagi, Raja Pramanik, Sreenivas Vishnubhatla, Safdar Ali, Radhika Bakhshi, Anita Chopra, Archna Singh, Sameer BakhshiAbstractRole of mitochondrial DNA variations, particularly in D loop region, remains investigational in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Consecutive 151 pediatric AML patients were prospectively enrolled from June 2013 to August 2016, for evaluating pattern of variations in mitochondrial D-loop region and to determine their association, if any, with expression of mitochondrial...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Prophasing interphase chromatin for assessing genetic damages—The evolution, applications and the future prospects
We present the chronological events of evolution of the PCC technique along with its applications. Also, the limitations of the technique along with the suggestions for further refinement of the PCC technique are discussed. (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) mutation spectra in different anatomical regions of the large intestine in colorectal cancer
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 810Author(s): Min Zhang, Da Yang, Barry GoldAbstractThe enhanced incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the U.S.A. has been linked to promutagens, such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, in the western diet that are produced by high temperature cooking of meat. However, a prior analysis of driver nonsense mutations in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene, which is mutated in 75% of human CRC, indicated that the C·G → A·T transversions produced by this class of mutagens were not enriched but actually ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Mutagenic potential of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is influenced by nearby clustered lesions
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 810Author(s): Naoya Shikazono, Ken AkamatsuAbstractIonizing radiation causes various different types of DNA damage. If not repaired, DNA damage can have detrimental effects. Previous studies indicate that the spatial distribution of DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation is highly relevant to the ensuing biological effects. Clustered DNA damage, consisting of DNA lesions in close proximity, has been studied in detail, and has enhanced mutagenic potential depending on the configuration of the lesions. However,...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

APOBEC and ADAR deaminases may cause many single nucleotide polymorphisms curated in the OMIM database
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 810Author(s): Robyn A. Lindley, Nathan E. HallAbstractCytosine and adenosine deamination events (DNA, RNA substrates) account for most codon-context Targeted Somatic Mutation (TSM) patterns observed in immunoglobulin (Ig) somatic hypermutation (SHM), and in cancer exomes following Ig-SHM-like responses. TSM refers to the process of somatic mutagenesis involving deamination events that results on a dominant type of mutation (e.g., C-to-T), and co-incident at a particular motif (e.g., WRC), and preferentially targ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 5, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

APOBEC and ADAR deaminases may cause many single nucleotide polymorphisms curated in the OMIM database
Publication date: Available online 22 June 2018 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Robyn A. Lindley, Nathan E. Hall Cytosine and adenosine deamination events (DNA, RNA substrates) account for most codon-context Targeted Somatic Mutation (TSM) patterns observed in immunoglobulin (Ig) somatic hypermutation (SHM), and in cancer exomes following Ig-SHM-like responses. TSM refers to the process of somatic mutagenesis involving deamination events that results on a dominant type of mutation (e.g., C-to-T), and co-incident at a particular motif (e.g., WRC), and preferentiall...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 22, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Prophasing interphase chromatin for assessing genetic damages —The evolution, applications and the future prospects
We present the chronological events of evolution of the PCC technique along with its applications. Also, the limitations of the technique along with the suggestions for further refinement of the PCC technique are discussed. (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 12, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Prophasing Interphase Chromatin for Assessing Genetic Damages - The Evolution, Applications and the Future Prospects
We present the chronological events of evolution of the PCC technique along with its applications. Also, the limitations of the technique along with the suggestions for further refinement of the PCC technique are discussed. (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 8, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Mutagenic potential of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is influenced by nearby clustered lesions
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Naoya Shikazono, Ken Akamatsu Ionizing radiation causes various different types of DNA damage. If not repaired, DNA damage can have detrimental effects. Previous studies indicate that the spatial distribution of DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation is highly relevant to the ensuing biological effects. Clustered DNA damage, consisting of DNA lesions in close proximity, has been studied in detail, and has enhanced mutagenic potential depending on the configuration of the lesions. How...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 26, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research