Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Balancing act: To be or not to be ubiquitylated
Publication date: Available online 21 July 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Ryotaro Nishi DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious DNA lesions. Appropriate repair of DSB either by homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining is critical for maintaining genome stability and fitness. DSB repair cooperates with cellular signalling networks, namely DSB response (DDR), which plays pivotal roles in the choice of DSB repair pathway, orchestrating recruitment of DDR factors to site of damage, transcription suppression and cell cycle che...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 21, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Mutational signatures efficiently identify different mutational processes underlying cancers with similar somatic mutation spectra
This study will shed light on the use of mutational signatures to clarify the mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous carcinogens that cause somatic mutations in human cancers. (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 20, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Microhomology-Mediated End Joining: Good, Bad and Ugly
Publication date: Available online 16 July 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Ja-Hwan Seol, Eun Yong Shim, Sang Eun Lee DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced by a variety of genotoxic agents, including ionizing radiation and chemotherapy drugs for treating cancers. The elimination of DSBs proceeds via distinctive error-free and error-prone pathways. Repair by homologous recombination (HR) is largely error-free and mediated by RAD51/BRCA2 gene products. Classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ) requires the Ku heterodimer and can efficiently rejoin bre...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 16, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Ubiquitin-like Modifications in the DNA Damage Response
Publication date: Available online 11 July 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Zhifeng Wang, Wei-Guo Zhu, Xingzhi Xu Genomic DNA is damaged at an extremely high frequency by both endogenous and environmental factors. An improper response to DNA damage can lead to genome instability, accelerate the aging process and ultimately cause various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms that underlie the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) are complex and are regulated at many levels, including at the level of post-translational ...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - July 12, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Mutagenic potential of hypoxanthine in live human cells
Publication date: Available online 28 June 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Stephen DeVito, Jordan Woodrick, Linze Song, Rabindra Roy Hypoxanthine (Hx) is a major DNA lesion generated by deamination of adenine during chronic inflammatory conditions, which is an underlying cause of various diseases including cancer of colon, liver, pancreas, bladder and stomach. There is evidence that deamination of DNA bases induces mutations, but no study has directly linked Hx accumulation to mutagenesis and strand-specific mutations yet in human cells. Using a site-specif...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 29, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

So similar yet so different: the two ends of a double strand break
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Keun P. Kim, Ekaterina V. Mirkin Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes in the first round of meiotic division. HR is also crucial for preserving genomic integrity of somatic cells due to its ability to rescue collapsed replication forks and eliminate deleterious DNA lesions, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), interstrand crosslinks, and single-strand DNA gaps. Here, we review the early steps of HR (homology search and strand exchang...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 28, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Enhanced DNA double-strand break repair of microbeam targeted A549 lung carcinoma cells by adjacent WI38 normal lung fibroblast cells via bi-directional signaling
Publication date: Available online 23 June 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Alisa Kobayashi, Tengku Ahbrizal Farizal Tengku Ahmad, Narongchai Autsavapromporn, Masakazu Oikawa, Shino Homma-Takeda, Yoshiya Furusawa, Jun Wang, Teruaki Konishi Understanding the mechanisms underlying the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and bi-directional signaling between irradiated carcinoma cells and their surrounding non-irradiated normal cells is relevant to cancer radiotherapy. The present study investigated propagation of RIBE signals between human lung carcin...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 24, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Regulation of DNA damage tolerance in mammalian cells by post-translational modifications of PCNA
Publication date: Available online 21 June 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Rie Kanao, Chikahide Masutani DNA damage tolerance pathways, which include translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and template switching, are crucial for prevention of DNA replication arrest and maintenance of genomic stability. However, these pathways utilize error-prone DNA polymerases or template exchange between sister DNA strands, and consequently have the potential to induce mutations or chromosomal rearrangements. Post-translational modifications of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 22, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Mut Res special section “Protein modifications in DNA repair and cancer”
Publication date: Available online 15 June 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Minoru Takata (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 16, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Variable spontaneous mutation rate in clinical strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and differentially expressed proteins in a hypermutator strain
Conclusion Hypermutator A. baumannii strains occur with a low, but appreciable frequency among clinical multi-drug resistant isolates. The presence of hypermutator clinical isolates raises concerns that they may contribute to the failure of antibiotic treatment in infected patients and confound the interpretation of in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing. The differentially expressed proteins involved in biofilm suppression and oxidative stress response, may represent adaptations derived from the hypermutator phenotype, a hypothesis that needs further testing. (Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - June 8, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Eukaryotic DNA damage responses: Homologous recombination factors and ubiquitin modification
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Nam Soo Lee, Soomi Kim, Yong Woo Jung, Hongtae Kim To prevent genomic instability disorders, cells have developed a DNA damage response. The response involves various proteins that sense damaged DNA, transduce damage signals, and effect DNA repair. In addition, ubiquitin modifications modulate the signaling pathway depending on cellular context. Among various types of DNA damage, double-stranded breaks are highly toxic to genomic integrity. Homologous recombination (HR) repair is an es...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 8, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Activation of the FA pathway mediated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination
Publication date: Available online 5 May 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Masamichi Ishiai, Koichi Sato, Junya Tomida, Hiroyuki Kitao, Hitoshi Kurumizaka, Minoru Takata Fanconi anemia (FA) is a devastating hereditary condition that impacts genome integrity, leading to clinical features such as skeletal and visceral organ malformations, attrition of bone marrow stem cells, and carcinogenesis. At least 21 proteins, when absent or defective, have been implicated in this disorder, and they together constitute the FA pathway, which functions in detection and re...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 6, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The functional roles of PML nuclear bodies in genome maintenance
Publication date: Available online 5 May 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Hae Ryung Chang, Anudari Munkhjargal, Myung-Jin Kim, Seon Young Park, Eunyoung Jung, Jae-Ha Ryu, Young Yang, Jong-Seok Lim, Yonghwan Kim In the nucleus, there are several membraneless structures called nuclear bodies. Among them, promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are involved in multiple genome maintenance pathways including the DNA damage response, DNA repair, telomere homeostasis, and p53-associated apoptosis. In response to DNA damage, PML-NBs are coalesced and di...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 6, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Targeted sequencing identifies novel variants involved in Autosomal Recessive Hereditary Hearing Loss in Qatari families
In this study we analysed 18 Qatari families affected by non-syndromic hearing loss using a targeted sequencing approach that allowed us to analyse 81 genes simultaneously. Thanks to this approach, 50% of these families (9 out of 18) resulted positive for the presence of likely causative alleles in 6 different genes: CDH23, MYO6, GJB6, OTOF, TMC1 and OTOA. In particular, 4 novel alleles were detected while the remaining ones were already described to be associated to HHL in other ethnic groups. Molecular modelling has been used to further investigate the role of novel alleles identified in CDH23 and TMC1 genes demonstratin...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 5, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Eukaryotic DNA replication: Orchestrated action of Multi-subunit protein complexes
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2017 Source:Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis Author(s): Sukhyun Kang, Mi-Sun Kang, Eunjin Ryu, Kyungjae Myung Genome duplication is an essential process to preserve genetic information between generations. The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of functionally distinct phases: G1, S, G2, and M. One of the key replicative proteins that participate at every stage of DNA replication is the Mcm2-7 complex, a replicative helicase. In the G1 phase, inactive Mcm2-7 complexes are loaded on the replication origins by replication-initiator proteins, O...
Source: Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis - May 2, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research