ROS signaling and ER stress in cardiovascular disease
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Cristhiaan D. Ochoa, Ru Feng Wu, Lance S. TeradaAbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces the vast majority of all proteins secreted into the extracellular space, including hormones and cytokines, as well as cell surface receptors and other proteins which interact with the environment. Accordingly, this organelle controls essentially all vital links to a cell's external milieu, responding to systemic metabolic, inflammatory, endocrine, and mechanical stimuli. The central role the ER plays in meeting protein synthetic and q...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine: A neurotrophic and neuroprotective metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid
Publication date: Available online 27 March 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Hee-Yong Kim, Arthur A. SpectorAbstractN-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide) is an endocannabinoid-like metabolite endogenously synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), the major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the brain. Although its biosynthetic mechanism has yet to be established, there is a closely linked relationship between the levels of synaptamide and its precursor DHA in the brain. Synaptamide at nanomolar concentrations promotes neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in deve...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Biological activities of non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (NEO-PUFAs) derived from EPA and DHA: New anti-arrhythmic compounds?
Publication date: Available online 27 March 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Jean-Marie Galano, Jérôme Roy, Thierry Durand, Jetty Chung-Yung Lee, Jean-Yves Le Guennec, Camille Oger, Marie DemionAbstractω3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) have several biological properties including anti-arrhythmic effects. However, there are some evidences that it is not solely ω3 PUFAs per se that are biologically active but the non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (NEO-PUFAs) like isoprostanes and neuroprostanes. Recent question arises how these molecules take part in physiolog...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
More than a syllable in fib-ROS-is: The role of ROS on the fibrotic extracellular matrix and on cellular contacts
Publication date: Available online 6 April 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Julius Grosche, Juliane Meißner, Johannes A. EbleAbstractFibrosis is characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the ECM changes during fibrosis not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. Thus, the composition is altered as the expression of various ECM proteins changes. Moreover, also posttranslational modifications, secretion, deposition and crosslinkage as well as the proteolytic degradation of ECM components run differently during fibrosis. As several of these processes involve redox react...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Omega-3 fatty acids, membrane remodeling and cancer prevention
Publication date: Available online 12 April 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Natividad R. Fuentes, Eunjoo Kim, Yang-Yi Fan, Robert S. ChapkinAbstractProteins are often credited as the macromolecule responsible for performing critical cellular functions, however lipids have recently garnered more attention as our understanding of their role in cell function and human health becomes more apparent. Although cellular membranes are the lipid environment in which many proteins function, it is now apparent that protein and lipid assemblies can be organized to form distinct micro- or nanodomains that facilitate ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Vegetable-derived bioactive nitrate and cardiovascular health
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Catherine P. Bondonno, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Alex H. Liu, Nicola P. Bondonno, Natalie C. Ward, Kevin D. Croft, Jonathan M. HodgsonAbstractVegetable derived nitrate is now recognised as an important bioactive phytochemical with cardioprotective properties. Nitrate, through the recently described enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, increases NO, a molecule pivotal for cardiovascular health. Clinical trials have observed that dietary nitrate has similar effects to NO when supplied exogenously. These effects include re...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Many tocopherols, one vitamin E
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Angelo AzziAbstractFour tocopherols are available in nature and are absorbed with the diet, but only one RRR-α-tocopherol satisfies the criteria of being a vitamin. The biological activity of the different tocopherols studied in the rat by the resorption-gestation test has been inconsistently extrapolated to human beings where the tocopherols have no influence on a successful pregnancy. Diminution of RRR-α-tocopherol intake results in diseases characterized by ataxia, whose pathogenetic mechanism, despite vigorous claims, has not been c...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board/Copyright Information
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Bioactives and their impact on human health
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Cesar G. Fraga, Patricia I. Oteiza (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Nutrition epidemiology of flavan-3-ols: The known unknowns
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Gunter G.C. KuhnleAbstractNutritional epidemiology has an important role, as it can provide long-term data from large populations and does not rely on surrogate markers for morbidity/mortality. Meaningful interpretation and applications of outcomes from epidemiological studies depend on the accurate assessment of dietary intake, which is currently mainly based on a combination of self-reporting and food composition data.Flavan-3-ols are a group of bioactives (non-essential dietary components with significant impact on health) that is a po...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Large-scale randomized clinical trials of bioactives and nutrients in relation to human health and disease prevention - Lessons from the VITAL and COSMOS trials
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Susanne Rautiainen, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. MansonAbstractSeveral bioactive compounds and nutrients in foods have physiological properties that are beneficial for human health. While nutrients typically have clear definitions with established levels of recommended intakes, bioactive compounds often lack such a definition. Although a food-based approach is often the optimal approach to ensure adequate intake of bioactives and nutrients, these components are also often produced as dietary supplements. However, many of these supplements ar...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of (−)-epicatechin: A review of recent findings
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Gina Borges, Javier I. Ottaviani, Justin J.J. van der Hooft, Hagen Schroeter, Alan CrozierAbstractThis paper reviews pioneering human studies, their limitations and recent investigations on the absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (aka bioavailability) of (–)-epicatechin. Progress has been made possible by improvements in mass spectrometric detection when coupled to high performance liquid chromatography and through the increasing availability of authentic reference compounds of in vivo metabolites of (–)-epicatechin. S...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Plant bioactives and redox signaling: (–)-Epicatechin as a paradigm
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Cesar G. Fraga, Patricia I. Oteiza, Monica GalleanoAbstractPolyphenols are bioactives claimed to be responsible for some of the health benefits provided by fruit and vegetables. It is currently accepted that the bioactivities of polyphenols can be mostly ascribed to their interactions with proteins and lipids. Such interactions can affect cell oxidant production and cell signaling, and explain in part the ability of polyphenols to promote health. EC can modulate redox sensitive signaling by: i) defining the extent of oxidant levels that c...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Flavonoids and the gastrointestinal tract: Local and systemic effects
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): P.I. Oteiza, C.G. Fraga, D.A. Mills, D.H. TaftAbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a central role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of flavonoids, which ultimately define the health effects of these bioactives. These aspects are modulated by the interactions of flavonoids with other dietary components, environmental factors, the host, and the GI microbiota. Flavonoid can target molecules in the luminal content, the different GI tract cell types, and the microbiota. Importantly, flavonoid actions at the GI...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Mechanisms of dietary flavonoid action in neuronal function and neuroinflammation
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Baptiste N. Jaeger, Sarah L. Parylak, Fred H. GageAbstractFlavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have attracted attention for their pro-cognitive and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity of flavonoids and their extensive in vivo metabolism suggest that a variety of cellular targets in the brain are likely to be impacted by flavonoid consumption. Initially characterized as antioxidants, flavonoids are now believed to act directly on neurons and glia via the interaction with major signal transduction cascades,...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
