Diabesity and antidiabetic drugs
Publication date: Available online 16 November 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Joseph M. Pappachan, Cornelius J. Fernandez, Elias C. ChackoAbstractThe prevalence of “diabesity” – diabetes related to obesity – has increased tremendously over the past few decades because of the global obesity epidemic. Although bariatric surgery is the best treatment option for patients with diabesity, a majority of patients are managed only with antidiabetic drugs for various reasons. Diabetes control with antidiabetic agents may affect diabesity outcomes positively or negatively because of their effects on body ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - November 16, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Intestinal fibrosis
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Antonio Di SabatinoAbstractExtensive tissue fibrosis is the end-stage process of a number of chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), ulcerative jejunoileitis, and radiation enteritis. Fibrogenesis is a physiological, reparative process that may become harmful as a consequence of the persistence of a noxious agent, after an excessive duration of the healing process. In this case, after replacement of dead or injure...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - November 3, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 64Author(s): (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - October 25, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Diabesity and brain disturbances: A metabolic perspective
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Susana Cardoso, Paula I. MoreiraAbstractThe last decades have been marked by an increased prevalence in non-communicable diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as by population aging and age-related (brain) diseases. The current notion that the brain and the body are interrelated units is gaining the attention of the scientific and medical community. Growing evidence demonstrates that there is a significant overlap in risk, comorbidity, and pathophysiological mechanisms across obesity, T2D and brain disturb...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - October 17, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Endocannabinoids, exercise, pain, and a path to health with aging
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Bruce A. WatkinsAbstractPhysical activity is an important lifestyle factor for growth, development, and sustained health throughout life. In recent years, the benefits of physical activity have drawn more attention to its physiological effects on the body, including well-being. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as a focal point to ascertain the mechanisms for how exercise benefits the body and how it reduces or controls pain. The ECS, its ligands [the endocannabinoids (eCB)], receptors (CB1 and CB2), enzymes for the ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - October 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Docosanoids and elovanoids from omega-3 fatty acids are pro-homeostatic modulators of inflammatory responses, cell damage and neuroprotection
We present an overview of how a) NPD1 selectively mediates preconditioning rescue of RPE and PR cells; b) NPD1 restores aberrant neuronal networks in experimental epileptogenesis; c) the decreased ability to biosynthesize NPD1 in memory hippocampal areas of early stages of Alzheimer's disease takes place; d) NPD1 protection of dopaminergic circuits in an in vitro model using neurotoxins; and e) bioactivity elicited by DHA and NPD1 activate a neuroprotective gene-expression program that includes the expression of Bcl-2 family members affected by Aβ42, DHA, or NPD1. In addition, we highlight ELOVL4 (ELOngation of Very Long ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - October 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues
Publication date: Available online 13 September 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Maurizio Parola, Massimo PinzaniAbstractThe progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD), irrespective of etiology, involves chronic parenchymal injury, persistent activation of inflammatory response as well as sustained activation of liver fibrogenesis and wound healing response. Liver fibrogenesis, is a dynamic, highly integrated molecular, cellular and tissue process responsible for driving the excess accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., liver fibrosis) sustained by an eterogeneous population of hep...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - September 15, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board/Copyright Information
Publication date: October 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 63Author(s): (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - September 13, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Signaling by Reactive Oxygen Species
Publication date: October 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 63Author(s): (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - September 13, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Redox-signals and macrophage biology
Publication date: Available online 12 January 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Andreas Weigert, Andreas von Knethen, Dominik Fuhrmann, Nathalie Dehne, Bernhard BrüneAbstractMacrophages are known for their versatile role in biology. They sense and clear structures that contain exogenous or endogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This process is tightly linked to the production of a mixture of potentially harmful oxidants and cytokines. Their inherent destructive behavior is directed against foreign material or structures of ‘altered self’, which explains the role of macrophages during inna...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - September 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Oxidation of cardiac myofilament proteins: Priming for dysfunction?
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Friederike Cuello, Ilka Wittig, Kristina Lorenz, Philip EatonAbstractOxidants are produced endogenously and can react with and thereby post-translationally modify target proteins. They have been implicated in the redox regulation of signal transduction pathways conferring protection, but also in mediating oxidative stress and causing damage. The difference is that in scenarios of injury the amount of oxidants generated is higher and/or the duration of oxidant exposure sustained. In the cardiovascular system, oxidants are import...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - August 24, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Oxidative stress in chronic lung disease: From mitochondrial dysfunction to dysregulated redox signaling
Publication date: Available online 22 August 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Albert van der Vliet, Yvonne M.W. Janssen-Heininger, Vikas AnathyAbstractThe lung is a delicate organ with a large surface area that is continuously exposed to the external environment, and is therefore highly vulnerable to exogenous sources of oxidative stress. In addition, each of its approximately 40 cell types can also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), as byproducts of cellular metabolism and in a more regulated manner by NOX enzymes with functions in host defense, immune regulation, and cell proliferation or differen...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - August 23, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Developmental pathways in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Diptiman Chanda, Eva Otoupalova, Samuel R. Smith, Thomas Volckaert, Stijn P. De Langhe, Victor J. ThannickalAbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival is between 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. IPF is characterized primarily by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by activated lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, resulting in reduced gas exchange and impaire...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - August 23, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
MicroRNA in lung cancer: role, mechanisms, pathways and therapeutic relevance
Publication date: Available online 18 August 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Mohammad Askandar Iqbal, Shweta Arora, Gopinath Prakasam, George A. Calin, Mansoor Ali SyedAbstractLung cancer is the cardinal cause of cancer-related deaths with restricted recourse of therapy throughout the world. Clinical success of therapies is not very promising due to - late diagnosis, limited therapeutic tools, relapse and the development of drug resistance. Recently, small ∼20–24 nucleotides molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) have come into the limelight as they play outstanding role in the process of tumorigenesis...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - August 18, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Omega-3 fatty acids and leukocyte-endothelium adhesion: Novel anti-atherosclerotic actions
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Ella J. Baker, M. Hayati Yusof, Parveen Yaqoob, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. CalderAbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) play a role in the optimal function of blood vessels. When endothelial function becomes dysregulated, the risk of developing atherosclerosis increases. Specifically, upregulation of adhesion molecule expression on ECs promotes the movement of leukocytes, particularly monocytes, into the vessel wall. Here, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and may become foam cells, contributing to the initiation and progres...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - August 13, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
