Vegetable-derived bioactive nitrate and cardiovascular health
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Catherine P. Bondonno, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Alex H. Liu, Nicola P. Bondonno, Natalie C. Ward, Kevin D. Croft, Jonathan M. HodgsonAbstractVegetable derived nitrate is now recognised as an important bioactive phytochemical with cardioprotective properties. Nitrate, through the recently described enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, increases NO, a molecule pivotal for cardiovascular health. Clinical trials have observed that dietary nitrate has similar effects to NO when supplied exogenously. These effects include re...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Many tocopherols, one vitamin E
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Angelo AzziAbstractFour tocopherols are available in nature and are absorbed with the diet, but only one RRR-α-tocopherol satisfies the criteria of being a vitamin. The biological activity of the different tocopherols studied in the rat by the resorption-gestation test has been inconsistently extrapolated to human beings where the tocopherols have no influence on a successful pregnancy. Diminution of RRR-α-tocopherol intake results in diseases characterized by ataxia, whose pathogenetic mechanism, despite vigorous claims, has not been c...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board/Copyright Information
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Bioactives and their impact on human health
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Cesar G. Fraga, Patricia I. Oteiza (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Nutrition epidemiology of flavan-3-ols: The known unknowns
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Gunter G.C. KuhnleAbstractNutritional epidemiology has an important role, as it can provide long-term data from large populations and does not rely on surrogate markers for morbidity/mortality. Meaningful interpretation and applications of outcomes from epidemiological studies depend on the accurate assessment of dietary intake, which is currently mainly based on a combination of self-reporting and food composition data.Flavan-3-ols are a group of bioactives (non-essential dietary components with significant impact on health) that is a po...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Large-scale randomized clinical trials of bioactives and nutrients in relation to human health and disease prevention - Lessons from the VITAL and COSMOS trials
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Susanne Rautiainen, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. MansonAbstractSeveral bioactive compounds and nutrients in foods have physiological properties that are beneficial for human health. While nutrients typically have clear definitions with established levels of recommended intakes, bioactive compounds often lack such a definition. Although a food-based approach is often the optimal approach to ensure adequate intake of bioactives and nutrients, these components are also often produced as dietary supplements. However, many of these supplements ar...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of (−)-epicatechin: A review of recent findings
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Gina Borges, Javier I. Ottaviani, Justin J.J. van der Hooft, Hagen Schroeter, Alan CrozierAbstractThis paper reviews pioneering human studies, their limitations and recent investigations on the absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (aka bioavailability) of (–)-epicatechin. Progress has been made possible by improvements in mass spectrometric detection when coupled to high performance liquid chromatography and through the increasing availability of authentic reference compounds of in vivo metabolites of (–)-epicatechin. S...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Plant bioactives and redox signaling: (–)-Epicatechin as a paradigm
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Cesar G. Fraga, Patricia I. Oteiza, Monica GalleanoAbstractPolyphenols are bioactives claimed to be responsible for some of the health benefits provided by fruit and vegetables. It is currently accepted that the bioactivities of polyphenols can be mostly ascribed to their interactions with proteins and lipids. Such interactions can affect cell oxidant production and cell signaling, and explain in part the ability of polyphenols to promote health. EC can modulate redox sensitive signaling by: i) defining the extent of oxidant levels that c...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Flavonoids and the gastrointestinal tract: Local and systemic effects
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): P.I. Oteiza, C.G. Fraga, D.A. Mills, D.H. TaftAbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a central role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of flavonoids, which ultimately define the health effects of these bioactives. These aspects are modulated by the interactions of flavonoids with other dietary components, environmental factors, the host, and the GI microbiota. Flavonoid can target molecules in the luminal content, the different GI tract cell types, and the microbiota. Importantly, flavonoid actions at the GI...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Mechanisms of dietary flavonoid action in neuronal function and neuroinflammation
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Baptiste N. Jaeger, Sarah L. Parylak, Fred H. GageAbstractFlavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have attracted attention for their pro-cognitive and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity of flavonoids and their extensive in vivo metabolism suggest that a variety of cellular targets in the brain are likely to be impacted by flavonoid consumption. Initially characterized as antioxidants, flavonoids are now believed to act directly on neurons and glia via the interaction with major signal transduction cascades,...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Recommending flavanols and procyanidins for cardiovascular health: Revisited
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Javier I. Ottaviani, Christian Heiss, Jeremy P.E. Spencer, Malte Kelm, Hagen SchroeterAbstractThe last 8 years have seen significant developments in our understanding of dietary flavanols and procyanidins in the context of human health and nutrition. During the same time, recognition of the importance of nutrition in primary disease prevention and health maintenance has increased. In addition, the concept of dietary bioactives (food constituents that although not essential to human life and procreation, may nevertheless play an important ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Berry anthocyanin intake and cardiovascular health
Publication date: June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 61Author(s): Aedín CassidyAbstractOver half of all cardiovascular (CV) events could be prevented by improved diet. This is reflected in government targets for fruit/vegetable intake, yet these are variable across the world (UK: 5-a-day; USA: 9-a-day), do not identify specific fruits/vegetables, and prove hard to achieve. Mounting evidence from prospective studies, supported by recent randomised controlled trials suggest that the benefits of fruits/vegetables may be due to bioactive substances called flavonoids. Specifically one sub-class of flavonoid...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis
Publication date: Available online 22 June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Sonja Djudjaj, Peter BoorAbstractRenal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more than 10% of world population and for which treatment options are limited. Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which disrupts and replaces the functional parenchyma that leads to organ failure. Kidney's histological structure can be divide...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Organ and tissue fibrosis: Molecular signals, cellular mechanisms and translational implications
Publication date: Available online 30 June 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Ralf Weiskirchen, Sabine Weiskirchen, Frank TackeAbstractFibrosis denotes excessive scarring, which exceeds the normal wound healing response to injury in many tissues. Although the extracellular matrix deposition appears unstructured disrupting the normal tissue architecture and subsequently impairing proper organ function, fibrogenesis is a highly orchestrated process determined by defined sequences of molecular signals and cellular response mechanisms. Persistent injury and parenchymal cell death provokes tissue inflammation, ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
PDGF/PDGFR axis in the neural systems
Publication date: August 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 62Author(s): Susmita Sil, Palsamy Periyasamy, Annadurai Thangaraj, Ernest T. Chivero, Shilpa BuchAbstractPlatelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) are expressed in several cell types including the brain cells such as neuronal progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Emerging evidence shows that PDGF-mediated signaling regulates diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurogenesis, cell survival, synaptogenesis, modulation of ligand-gated ion channels, and development of specific types o...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - July 11, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
