Anatomy and physiology of the nutritional system
Publication date: Available online 10 April 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Saverio CintiAbstractThe organisms of mammals are composed of organs cooperating as systems that are organized to perform functions which allow the survival of the individual and maintenance of the species. Thus, to reach the main goals of these functions we need systems that ensure nutrient uptake and distribution, thermogenesis, oxygen uptake and distribution, the discharge of toxic internal by-products, the defense from internal and external pathogens, gamete fertilization, and the fine-tuning of the activity of all the tissu...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - April 11, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Approaches to functionally validate candidate genetic variants involved in colorectal cancer predisposition
Publication date: Available online 1 April 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Laia Bonjoch, Pilar Mur, Coral Arnau-Collell, Gardenia Vargas-Parra, Bahar Shamloo, Sebastià Franch-Expósito, Marta Pineda, Gabriel Capellà, Batu Erman, Sergi Castellví-BelAbstractMost next generation sequencing (NGS) studies identified candidate genetic variants predisposing to colorectal cancer (CRC) but do not tackle its functional interpretation to unequivocally recognize a new hereditary CRC gene. Besides, germline variants in already established hereditary CRC-predisposing genes or somatic variants share the same need w...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - April 2, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
MicroRNA-215: From biology to theranostic applications
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova, Ondrej SlabyAbstractMicroRNA-215 (miR-215) is one of the extensively studied microRNAs (miRNAs) in human diseases, especially in different types of cancer, where it plays various roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. There is also a high conservation of miR-215 among wide range of different species indicating that this miRNA may have vital functions that are maintained during evolution. During the last ten years, significant efforts were dedicated to uncover molecular mechanisms of miR...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - March 27, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Functional roles of the human ribonuclease A superfamily in RNA metabolism and membrane receptor biology
Publication date: Available online 25 March 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Heng-Huan Lee, Ying-Nai Wang, Mien-Chie HungAbstractThe human ribonuclease A (hRNase A) superfamily is comprised of 13 members of secretory RNases, most of which are recognized as catabolic enzymes for their ribonucleolytic activity to degrade ribonucleic acids (RNAs) in the extracellular space, where they play a role in innate host defense and physiological homeostasis. Interestingly, human RNases 9–13, which belong to a non-canonical subgroup of the hRNase A superfamily, are ribonucleolytic activity-deficient proteins with u...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - March 25, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Update on genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and polyposis
Publication date: Available online 18 March 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Laura Valle, Richarda M. de Voer, Yael Goldberg, Wenche Sjursen, Asta Försti, Clara Ruiz-Ponte, Trinidad Caldés, Pilar Garré, Maren F. Olsen, Margareta Nordling, Sergi Castellvi-Bel, Kari HemminkiAbstractThe present article summarizes recent developments in the characterization of genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The main themes covered include new hereditary CRC and polyposis syndromes, non-CRC hereditary cancer genes found mutated in CRC patients, strategies used to identify novel causal genes, and review ...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - March 19, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Altered foetoplacental vascular endothelial signalling to insulin in diabesity
Publication date: Available online 8 March 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Fabián Pardo, Mario Subiabre, Gonzalo Fuentes, Fernando Toledo, Luis Silva, Roberto Villalobos-Labra, Luis SobreviaAbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are diseases associated with hypertension and metabolic alterations. A significant group of patients present both obesity and T2DM, a condition defined as diabesity. One of the metabolic features in these conditions is the clinical presentation of insulin resistance. Several tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscle, and vasculature, and patients with T2DM, ges...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - March 8, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Glioma progression in diabesity
Publication date: Available online 4 March 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Sebastián Alarcón, Ignacio Niechi, Fernando Toledo, Luis Sobrevia, Claudia QuezadaAbstractDiabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer are diseases that in recent years have caused a large number of deaths worldwide, so have been in the front line of biomedical research. On the other hand, obesity is a risk factor for several types of cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metabolic disorder and global inflammatory environment seen in obese patients is also critical for the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and gliomas. Several m...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - March 5, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Pathophysiology of Organ and Tissue Fibrosis
Publication date: February 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 65Author(s): Maurizio Parola, Massimo Pinzani (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - February 11, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: February 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Volume 65Author(s): (Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine)
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - February 11, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Mendelian randomisation: A powerful and inexpensive method for identifying and excluding non-genetic risk factors for colorectal cancer
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Alex J. Cornish, Ian P.M. Tomlinson, Richard S. HoulstonAbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in economically developed countries and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The importance of lifestyle and diet as major determinants of CRC risk is suggested by differences in CRC incidence between countries and in migration studies. Previous observational epidemiological studies have identified associations between modifiable environmental risk factors and CRC, but these studies can be susceptible t...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - February 5, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Involvement of A2B adenosine receptors as anti-inflammatory in gestational diabesity
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Carolina Cabalín, Roberto Villalobos-Labra, Fernando Toledo, Luis SobreviaAbstractPregnant women that are obese may develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) configuring a new metabolic condition referred to as gestational diabesity. The metabolic alterations seen in gestational diabesity include a combination of an exacerbated pro-inflammatory state and fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction. Also, gestational diabesity associates with supra-physiological extracellular concentration of adenosine in the foetoplacental blood....
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - January 25, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Impaired signalling pathways mediated by extracellular vesicles in diabesity
Publication date: Available online 14 January 2019Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Tamara Sáez, Fernando Toledo, Luis SobreviaAbstractDiabesity, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most prevalent diseases nowadays and associate with high risk of cardiovascular complications. The impaired signalling pathways associated with the metabolism of D-glucose, lipids, and insulin have been studied for many years aiming to understand the cellular mechanisms of these diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, carry different microRNAs or proteins as cargoes, acting a...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - January 15, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Diabesity-associated oxidative and inflammatory stress signalling in the early human placenta
Publication date: Available online 15 December 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Denise Hoch, Martin Gauster, Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon, Gernot DesoyeAbstractEarly pregnancy is characterized by a series of complex and tightly regulated events to ultimately establish implantation and early placental development. One of the key events is the opening of the decidual spiral arteries into the intervillous space. It leads to a rise in oxygen tension in the intervillous space and the placenta and will induce transcriptional and translational changes of oxygen-sensitive molecules including antioxidants.Diabetes an...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - December 15, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Diabesity and mood disorders: Multiple links through the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Aitak Farzi, Ahmed M. Hassan, Geraldine Zenz, Peter HolzerAbstractThe global prevalence of diabesity is on the rise, and the clinical, social and economic health burden arising from this epidemic is aggravated by a significant co-morbidity of diabesity with neuropsychiatric disease, particularly depression. Importantly, not only is the prevalence of mood disorders elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes, depressed patients are also more prone to develop diabetes. This reciprocal relationship calls for a molecular and system...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - December 13, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and development of insulin resistance in adipose, skeletal, liver, and foetoplacental tissue in diabesity
Publication date: Available online 27 November 2018Source: Molecular Aspects of MedicineAuthor(s): Roberto Villalobos-Labra, Mario Subiabre, Fernando Toledo, Fabián Pardo, Luis SobreviaAbstractDiabesity is an abnormal metabolic condition shown by patients with obesity that develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabesity present with insulin resistance, reduced vascular response to insulin, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Along with the several well-described mechanisms of insulin resistance, a state of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, where the primary human targets are the adipose tissue, liver, skeleta...
Source: Molecular Aspects of Medicine - November 28, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
