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Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders
Publication date: Available online 3 May 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Baris BingolAbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important rol...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The functional architecture of axonal actin
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Marie-Jeanne Papandréou, Christophe LeterrierAbstractThe cytoskeleton builds and supports the complex architecture of neurons. It orchestrates the specification, growth, and compartmentation of the axon: axon initial segment, axonal shaft, presynapses. The cytoskeleton must then maintain this intricate architecture for the whole life of its host, but also drive its adaptation to new network demands and changing physiological conditions. Microtubules are readily visible inside axon shafts by electron microscopy, whereas axon...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Nicky Scheefhals, Harold D. MacGillavryAbstractGlutamate receptors are the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, responsible for mediating the vast majority of excitatory transmission in neuronal networks. The AMPA- and NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the fast synaptic responses, while metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are coupled to downstream signaling cascades that act on much slower timescales. These functionally distinct rec...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

AMPA receptor complex constituents: Control of receptor assembly, membrane trafficking and subcellular localization
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Eric Jacobi, Jakob von EngelhardtAbstractFast excitatory transmission at synapses of the central nervous system is mainly mediated by AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Synaptic AMPAR number and function correlates with synaptic strength. AMPARs are thus key proteins of activity-dependent plasticity in neuronal communication. Up- or down-regulation of synaptic AMPAR number is a tightly controlled dynamic process that involves export of receptors from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, exocytosis and endocytosis as wel...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sex-dependent co-occurrence of hypoxia and β-amyloid plaques in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex is reversed by long-term treatment with ubiquinol and ascorbic acid in the 3 × Tg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
This study investigated whether these and other alterations in the cerebrovascular system associated with AD can be prevented by long-term dietary supplementation with the antioxidant ubiquinol (Ub) stabilized with Kaneka QH P30 powder containing ascorbic acid (ASC) in a mouse model of advanced AD (3 × Tg-AD mice, 12 months old). Animals were treated from prodromal stages of disease (3 months of age) with standard chow without or with Ub + ASC or ASC-containing vehicle and compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The number of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex was higher in female than ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Semaphorin 3A as an inhibitive factor for migration of olfactory ensheathing cells through cofilin activation is involved in formation of olfactory nerve layer
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Ying Wang, Xiaomei Bao, Shiyang Wu, Xiya Shen, Fan Zhang, Zhaoting Lv, Qian Wu, Changnan Xie, Huitao Liu, Jian Lin, Honglin Teng, Zhihui HuangAbstractOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) migrate from olfactory epithelium towards olfactory bulb (OB), contributing to formation of the presumptive olfactory nerve layer during development. However, it remains unclear that molecular mechanism of regulation of OEC migration in OB. In the present study, we found that OECs highly expressed the receptors of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) in vi...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Involvement of l-afadin, but not s-afadin, in the formation of puncta adherentia junctions of hippocampal synapse
Publication date: Available online 30 June 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Tomohiko Maruo, Shotaro Sakakibara, Muneaki Miyata, Yu Itoh, Souichi Kurita, Kenji Mandai, Takuya Sasaki, Yoshimi TakaiAbstractA hippocampal mossy fiber synapse has a complex structure in which presynaptic boutons attach to the dendritic trunk by puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs) and wrap multiply-branched spines, forming synaptic junctions. It was previously shown that afadin regulates the formation of the PAJs cooperatively with nectin-1, nectin-3, and N-cadherin. Afadin is a nectin-binding protein with two splice varian...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Depletion of astrocytic transglutaminase 2 improves injury outcomes
In this study we show that knocking down TG2 in astrocytes significantly increases their ability to protect neurons from oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion injury. To begin to understand how deletion of TG2 in astrocytes improves their ability to protect neurons from injury, we performed transcriptome analysis of wild type and TG2−/− astrocytes. TG2 deletion resulted in alterations in genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, cell adhesion and axon growth/guidance. In addition, the majority of genes that showed increases in the TG2−/− astrocytes had predicted cJun/AP-1 binding motifs in their pro...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 is a novel regulator of astrogliosis and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 via interplaying with nuclear factor-κB signaling in astrocytes from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model with hSOD1G93A mutation
In this study, we detected AEG-1 expression in hSOD1G93A-positive (mut-SOD1) astrocytes and wild type (wt-SOD1) astrocytes, and intend to elucidate its potential functions in ALS related astrogliosis and the always accompanied dysregulated glutamate clearance. Results showed elevated protein and mRNA levels of AEG-1 in mut-SOD1 astrocytes; Also, NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in mut-SOD1 astrocytes; AEG-1 knockdown attenuated astrocytes proliferation and pro-inflammatory release; also we found that AEG-1 silence inhibited translocation of p65 from cytoplasma to nuclear...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Depressed mitochondrial function and electron transport Complex II-mediated H2O2 production in the cortex of type 1 diabetic rodents
ConclusionDeficits in mitochondrial function, dynamics, and antioxidant capabilities putatively mediated through sub-optimal AMPK/SIRT/PGC-1α signaling, are involved in the development of early sub-clinical neurodegeneration in the cortex under diabetic conditions. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

α4-GABAA receptors of hippocampal pyramidal neurons are associated with resilience against activity-based anorexia for adolescent female mice but not for males
Publication date: July 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 90Author(s): Yi-Wen Chen, Hannah Actor-Engel, Chiye AokiAbstractActivity-based anorexia (ABA) is an animal model of anorexia nervosa, a mental illness with highest mortality and with onset that is most frequently during adolescence. We questioned whether vulnerability of adolescent mice to ABA differs between sexes and whether individual differences in resilience are causally linked to α4βδ-GABAAR expression. C57BL6/J WT and α4-KO adolescent male and female mice underwent ABA induction by combining wheel access with food restriction. ABA vul...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The association of spinophilin with disks large-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3) is regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5
Publication date: July 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 90Author(s): Cameron W. Morris, Darryl S. Watkins, Asma B. Salek, Michael C. Edler, Anthony J. BaucumAbstractSpinophilin is the most abundant protein phosphatase 1 targeting protein in the postsynaptic density of dendritic spines. Spinophilin associates with myriad synaptic proteins to regulate normal synaptic communication; however, the full complement of spinophilin interacting proteins and mechanisms regulating spinophilin interactions are unclear. Here we validate an association between spinophilin and the scaffolding protein, disks large-as...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

BDNF haploinsufficiency exerts a transient and regionally different influence upon oligodendroglial lineage cells during postnatal development
This study identifies that BDNF exerts transient effects on oligodendroglial lineage cells selectively in the optic nerve during postnatal development. Taken together, this provides compelling evidence that BDNF haploinsufficiency exerts modest effects upon oligodendroglial cell density and lineage progression in vivo, suggesting its major role is restricted to promoting oligodendrocyte myelination. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Differential gene regulatory plasticity between upper and lower layer cortical excitatory neurons
Publication date: July 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 90Author(s): Lingling Yang, Liuzeng Chen, Chunlin Cai, Hong LiAbstractNeocortical projection neurons consist of intracortical connected upper layer (UL, layer II–IV) neurons and subcortical connected lower layer (LL, layer V–VI) neurons. Afferent activity from the thalamus regulates layer-specific gene expression during postnatal development, which is critical for the formation of proper neocortical cytoarchitecture. Here, we show that activity-dependent gene regulation is confined to UL cortical neurons, but not LL neurons, and that this di...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: July 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 90Author(s): (Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research