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Klotho deficiency affects the spine morphology and network synchronization of neurons
Publication date: Available online 13 April 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Hai T. Vo, Mary L. Phillips, Jeremy H. Herskowitz, Gwendalyn D. KingAbstractKlotho-deficient mice rapidly develop cognitive impairment and show some evidence of the onset of neurodegeneration. However, it is impossible to investigate the long-term consequences on the brain because of the dramatic shortening of lifespan caused by systemic klotho deficiency. As klotho expression is downregulated with advancing organismal age, understanding the mechanisms of klotho action is important for developing novel strategies to suppor...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - April 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

An FTLD-associated SQSTM1 variant impacts Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling and is associated with reduced phosphorylation of p62
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): A. Foster, D. Scott, R. Layfield, S.L. ReaAbstractElevated oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). In response to oxidative stress, the Nrf2 transcription factor activates protective antioxidant genes. A critical regulator of Nrf2 is the inhibitory protein Keap1, which mediates Nrf2 degradation. In response to cellular stress an interaction between Keap1 and SQSTM1/p62 (p62), a signalling adaptor protein, allows for increas...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - April 5, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Modulation of Cav2.3 channels by unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) – Candidate mechanism for UCB-induced neuromodulation and neurotoxicity
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Walid Albanna, Jan Niklas Lüke, Gerrit Alexander Schubert, Maxine Dibué-Adjei, Konstantin Kotliar, Jürgen Hescheler, Hans Clusmann, Hans-Jakob Steiger, Daniel Hänggi, Marcel A. Kamp, Toni Schneider, Felix NeumaierAbstractElevated levels of unbound unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. In spite of a large number of studies demonstrating UCB-induced changes in central neurotransmission, it is still unclear whether these effects involve alterations in the function of specific i...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - March 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Small molecules as therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease
This article discusses advantages and disadvantages of small molecules, their ability to mitigate Aβ induced damage, and ability to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction and cognitive loss. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - March 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Growth and excitability at synapsin II deficient hippocampal neurons
Publication date: Available online 9 March 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Heidi Matos, Raymond Quiles, Rodrigo Andrade, Maria BykhovskaiaAbstractSynapsins are neuronal phosphoproteins that fine-tune synaptic transmission and suppress seizure activity. Synapsin II (SynII) deletion produces epileptic seizures and overexcitability in neuronal networks. Early studies in primary neuronal cultures have shown that SynII deletion results in a delay in synapse formation. More recent studies at hippocampal slices have revealed increased spontaneous activity in SynII knockout (SynII(−)) mice. To reconcile...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - March 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Fluid and imaging biomarkers for Huntington's disease
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Paul Zeun, Rachael I. Scahill, Sarah J. Tabrizi, Edward J. WildAbstractHuntington's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative condition for which there is no disease-modifying treatment. The known genetic cause of Huntington's disease makes it possible to identify individuals destined to develop the disease and instigate treatments before the onset of symptoms. Multiple trials are already underway that target the cause of HD, yet clinical measures are often insensitive to change over typical clinical trial dura...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Volume 95Author(s): (Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Synaptic vesicle protein 2A as a potential biomarker in synaptopathies
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Kerstin Heurling, Nicholas J. Ashton, Antoine Leuzy, Eduardo R. Zimmer, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Jonas Eriksson, Mark Lubberink, Michael SchöllAbstractMeasuring synaptic density in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging-based biomarkers targeting the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) has received much attention recently due to its potential research and clinical applications in synaptopathies, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Fluid-based biomarkers in proteinopathies have pre...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 21, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Taxifolin protects neurons against ischemic injury in vitro via the activation of antioxidant systems and signal transduction pathways of GABAergic neurons
Publication date: Available online 15 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): M.V. Turovskaya, S.G. Gaidin, V.N. Mal'tseva, V.P. Zinchenko, E.A. TurovskyAbstractCerebral blood flow disturbances lead to the massive death of brain cells. The death of>80% of cells is observed in hippocampal cell cultures after 40 min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (ischemia-like conditions, OGD). However, there are some populations of GABAergic neurons which are characterized by increased vulnerability to oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions. Using fluorescent microscopy, immunocytochemical assay, vitality tes...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurotoxic effects of MPTP on mouse cerebral cortex: Modulation of neuroinflammation as a neuroprotective strategy
Publication date: Available online 13 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Mariana Oliveira Mendes, Alexandra Isabel Rosa, Andreia Neves Carvalho, Maria João Nunes, Pedro Dionísio, Elsa Rodrigues, Daniela Costa, Sara Duarte-Silva, Patrícia Maciel, Cecília Maria Pereira Rodrigues, Maria João Gama, Margarida Castro-CaldasAbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder, mainly characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and by the presence of intracellular inclusions, known as Lewy bodies. Despite SNpc bei...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 14, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

CPEB1 is overexpressed in neurons derived from Down syndrome IPSCs and in the hippocampus of the mouse model Ts1Cje
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Juan José Casañas, Macarena González-Corrales, Jesús David Urbano-Gámez, Alexandra Alves-Sampaio, José Antonio Troca-Marín, María Luz MontesinosAbstractTrisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome (DS), is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual impairment. In mouse models of DS, deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity have been observed, in conjunction with alterations to local dendritic translation that are likely to influence plasticity, learning and memory. Here we show that expression of a local tran...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sympathomimetics regulate neuromuscular junction transmission through TRPV1, P/Q- and N-type Ca2+ channels
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Anna Zaia Carolina Rodrigues, Zhong-Min Wang, María Laura Messi, Osvaldo DelbonoAbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that, first, the sympathetic nervous system interacts extensively with both vasculature and skeletal muscle fibers near neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and, second, its neurotransmitter, noradrenaline, influences myofiber molecular composition and function and motor innervation. Since sympathomimetic agents have been reported to improve NMJ transmission, we examined whether two in clinical use, salbutamo...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

APP depletion alters selective pre- and post-synaptic proteins
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Isak Martinsson, Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate, Mathilde Faideau, Katarina Willén, Noemi Esteras, Susanne Frykman, Lars O. Tjernberg, Gunnar K. GourasAbstractThe normal role of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain remains incompletely understood. Previous studies have reported that lack of APP has detrimental effects on spines and electrophysiological parameters. APP has been described to be important in synaptic pruning during development. The effect of APP knockout on mature synap...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Interleukin-16 inhibits sodium channel function and GluA1 phosphorylation via CD4- and CD9-independent mechanisms to reduce hippocampal neuronal excitability and synaptic activity
We examined the mechanisms underlying these effects, with rIL-16 reducing GluA1 S831 phosphorylation and inhibiting Na+ channel function. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-16 reduces neuronal excitability and synaptic activity via multiple mechanisms and adds further evidence that alternative receptors may exist for IL-16. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - February 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Stem cells in animal models of Huntington disease: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Gabriela Delevati Colpo, Erin Furr Stimming, Antonio Lucio TeixeiraAbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder encoding a mutant form of the huntingtin protein (HTT). HD is pathologically characterized by loss of neurons in the striatum and cortex, which leads to progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline and behavioral symptoms. Stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and may be effective in all...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - January 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research