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The mediating role of perceived peer motivational climate between classroom mastery goal structure and social goal orientations
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Nir Madjar, Elizabeth A. North, Melissa KarakusAbstractStudents' social goal orientations have been identified as an important factor in functioning and performance within academic settings. The current research explored whether the relationship between perceived classroom goal structure and social goals is mediated by peer motivational climate. Study 1 was based on a cross-sectional design (N = 951; 40.6% girls; mean age = 13.22) of students from 41 different classes, and Study 2 followed a different cohort of students in t...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - June 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The developmental dynamics of students' reading self-concept and reading competence: Examining reciprocal relations and ethnic-background patterns
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Daniel Sewasew, Lynne Sanford KoesterAbstractDespite the fact that reading self-concept and reading competence are considerably correlated, the reciprocal relation of these variables and the associated ethnic-background patterns still pose fundamental questions with significant theoretical implications and practical consequences. Utilizing a Reciprocal Effects Model (REM), we analyzed primary school-aged children in the United States who took part in a representative longitudinal data collection effort known as the Early Childhood L...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - June 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Exploring public speaking anxiety and personal disposition in EFL presentations
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Brent Allan KelsenAbstractPersonality traits and anxiety have been acknowledged for their influence in foreign language (FL) learning situations. Moreover, research recognizes the role of personality characteristics in determining an individual's propensity towards feelings of anxiety. However, relatively few studies investigate associations between personality and anxiety in English as foreign language (EFL) settings, particularly with regard to delivering presentations. This research reports on the associations between personality...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - June 4, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Reading self-efficacy and reading fluency development among primary school children: Does specificity of self-efficacy matter?
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Pilvi Peura, Tuija Aro, Helena Viholainen, Eija Räikkönen, Ellen L. Usher, Riikka Sorvo, Mikko AroAbstractEfficacy beliefs relate to effort and persistence devoted to learning. Therefore, efficacy beliefs might be especially important in achieving skills that require persistent practice, such as fluent reading. Although reading self-efficacy has been positively linked to reading comprehension, less is known about its relationship to reading fluency. The relationship between reading self-efficacy studied at three specificity levels...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Attitude-, group- and activity-related differences in the quality of preservice teacher students' engagement in collaborative science learning
This study investigated how preservice primary teacher students with diverse attitudes towards learning science engage in collaborative science activities and how diverse attitudes influence their shared learning. Empirically, engagement was examined in terms of the participatory roles spontaneously adopted by students during group activities. Based on class questionnaire data, four attitude profiles were identified using clustering methods, Optimal, Promising, Vulnerable, and Uncommitted. Four small groups characterized by the diversity of their members' attitudes were selected for in-depth analysis. Video footage of each...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Exploring the dark side of exposure to peer excellence among traditional and nontraditional college students
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Kit W. ChoAbstractEducators sometimes extol the works produced by exemplary students as examples for other students to strive toward. Although the principle behind this technique is to elevate the motivation of underperforming students, previous research shows that it may produce the opposite effect and cause students to disengage from the task, resulting in a discouragement-by-exposure-to-peer-excellence effect. The current study's goals were to examine this effect among traditional and nontraditional college students. Participants...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

What happens when students reflect on their self-efficacy during a test? Exploring test experience and test outcome in science
This study investigated real-time perceived science competence (via self-efficacy) as one such factor. In the present study, N = 160 high school students reflected on and rated their self-efficacy in science midway through a science test. Using structural equation modeling, and drawing on theorizing around the longitudinal associations between motivation and achievement as well as literature on testing effects, the study examined the extent to which performance in the first half of the test was associated with mid-test self-efficacy (the so-called “skill-development” phenomenon), the extent to which self-efficacy w...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Purposeful delay and academic achievement. A critical review of the Active Procrastination Scale
The objective of the present study is threefold: (1) to corroborate the factor structure of the original APS instrument; (2) to empirically examine whether purposeful delay is associated with better achievement; and (3) to identify a subpopulation of students for whom purposefully delaying tasks is an effective strategy. Using a large sample of 1605 science and engineering students, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported a three-factor rather than a four-factor structure of the APS. Furthermore, results of the regression analyses showed no evidence for the beneficial effect of purposeful delay on student achievement. ...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Past academic achievement contributes to university students' autonomous motivation (AM) which is later moderated by implicit motivation and working memory: A Bayesian replication of the explicit-implicit model of AM
In this study, we sought to investigate two lingering issues about the association between autonomous motivation (AM) and academic achievement. On the one hand, past academic achievements are most certainly important to the development of future AM, but the reciprocal nature of this association has been largely ignored in the literature. On the other hand, assessments of dispositional AM through self-reported methodology may not fully capture the internalization process of AM. Recently, it was proposed that adopting a dual-process perspective over AM could enable of more precise observation of internalization (explicit imp...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: May 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 72Author(s): (Source: Learning and Individual Differences)
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 12, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Past and present participation in extracurricular activities is associated with adaptive self-regulation of goals, academic success, and emotional wellbeing among university students
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Maude Guilmette, Kathryn Mulvihill, Rosanne Villemaire-Krajden, Erin T. BarkerAbstractThe transition to adulthood requires young people to form, pursue and regulate goals that have far reaching implications for success and wellbeing, including within the university context. Extracurricular activity participation (ECAP) may be related to the development of self-regulatory mechanisms theorized to underpin positive academic, psychological, and social outcomes. The current study aims to determine 1) whether past and present ECAP is asso...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Personality and school functioning of intellectually gifted and nongifted adolescents: Self-perceptions and parents' assessments
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Linda Wirthwein, Sebastian Bergold, Franzis Preckel, Ricarda SteinmayrAbstractAmbivalent stereotypes of the gifted still persist in the public. The aim of the current study is to provide a holistic picture of the personality (Big Five) and school functioning (motivation: academic self-concept, school values, achievement motives, achievement goals; grades; general knowledge) of gifted and non-gifted adolescents via self-reports and external assessments from their parents. Moreover, this is one of the first studies examining self-rate...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Learning strategies and academic performance in distance education
Publication date: July 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 73Author(s): Joyce Neroni, Celeste Meijs, Hieronymus J.M. Gijselaers, Paul A. Kirschner, Renate H.M. de GrootAbstractThe role of learning strategies in gaining academic success has been widely investigated for campus-based college students. Within distance education (DE) students, however, research on this relationship is limited, while this group of learners is growing. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between learning strategies and academic performance in DE students. Participants were 758 students (age 19–71�...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Back to the roots: The 2 × 2 standpoints and standards achievement goal model
Publication date: May 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 72Author(s): R.M. Korn, A.J. Elliot, M. DaumillerAbstractIn the original dichotomous conceptualization of achievement goals, mastery and performance goals contained two competence foci: standpoints on competence and standards of competence evaluation. Conceptually and operationally, this feature of the original model has been overlooked. The present research integrates this original conceptualization with the approach-avoidance distinction, resulting in the 2 × 2 standpoints and standards (SaS) model. In Study 1, we develop and test the psyc...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 4, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Towards a more refined understanding of the interplay between burnout and engagement among secondary school teachers: A person-centered perspective
Publication date: May 2019Source: Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 72Author(s): Ángel Abós, Javier Sevil-Serrano, Leen Haerens, Nathalie Aelterman, Luis García-GonzálezAbstractRecent research in different types of employees has suggested that burnout and engagement at work may co-occur to different degrees. However, little is known about the interplay between burnout and engagement among secondary school teachers. Using a person-centered approach, this study examined which configurations of the three Farber burnout subtypes (i.e., frenetic, underchallenged, and wornout), together with engagement at work, eme...
Source: Learning and Individual Differences - May 3, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research