Gene-set analysis based on the pharmacological profiles of drugs to identify repurposing opportunities in schizophrenia
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of novel genetic associations for complex genetic disorders, leading to the identification of potential pharmacological targets for novel drug development. In schizophrenia, 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance have been identified and hundreds of additional sub-threshold associations harbour information on the genetic aetiology of the disorder. In the present study, we used gene-set analysis based on the known binding targets of chemical compounds to identify the ‘drug pathways’ most strongly associated with schizoph...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: de Jong, S., Vidler, L. R., Mokrab, Y., Collier, D. A., Breen, G. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Factors associated with changes in hospitalisation in patients prescribed clozapine
Conclusion:
Clozapine reduces the number of inpatient days, regardless of the chronicity of the illness at the time clozapine was started. Continued compliance with clozapine is necessary to maintain this benefit. Reduction in bed days is greater in younger patients, suggesting early initiation of clozapine may be beneficial. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gee, S. H., Shergill, S. S., Taylor, D. M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Early predictors of a clinical response at 8 weeks in patients with first-episode psychosis treated with paliperidone ER
Identification of early clinical markers that predict later treatment outcomes in first-episode psychosis is highly valuable. The present study was conducted to determine the best time at which to predict the late treatment response in first-episode psychosis patients treated with paliperidone extended release (ER), the factors predicting early treatment responses (at Week 2 and Week 3) and the relationships between the paliperidone ER plasma concentrations at Week 2 and Week 3, and the treatment responses at Week 2, Week 3 and Week 8. Various criteria for assessing treatment response were employed. We determined the plasm...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chung, Y.-C., Cui, Y., Kim, M.-G., Kim, Y.-J., Lee, K.-H., Chae, S.-W. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of hypertension in risperidone-medicated patients - thinking of clinically relevant CYP2D6 interactions
Conclusions and limitations:
Our data show a potential pharmacokinetic interaction, most likely via CYP3A4 between amlodipine and RIS, reflected in significantly different C/Ds for RIS, 9-OH-RIS and AM. Although the interaction did not result in significantly higher plasma levels, changes in C/Ds and their distribution with regard to the median concentrations were observed. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Paulzen, M., Haen, E., Gründer, G., Lammertz, S. E., Stegmann, B., Schruers, K. R., Walther, S., Schoretsanitis, G. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Risperidone long-acting injectable in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia with dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: Results of a 2-year prospective study, including an additional 1-year follow-up
This study strongly suggested that the RLAI treatment, even with only partial switching, provides relief from refractory symptoms, particularly for patients with a history of DSP.
Clinical trial registration: http://www.umin.ac.jp/:UMIN000008487 (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kimura, H., Kanahara, N., Sasaki, T., Komatsu, N., Ishige, M., Muneoka, K., Ino, H., Yoshimura, K., Yamanaka, H., Suzuki, T., Komatsu, H., Watanabe, H., Shimizu, E., Iyo, M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Neural changes induced by antipsychotic administration in adolescence: A review of studies in laboratory rodents
Adolescence is characterized by major remodelling processes in the brain. Use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in adolescents has increased dramatically in the last 20 years; however, our understanding of the neurobiological consequences of APD treatment on the adolescent brain has not kept the same pace and significant concerns have been raised. In this review, we examined currently available preclinical studies of the effects of APDs on the adolescent brain. In animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders, adolescent APD treatment appears to be protective against selected structural, behavioural and neurochemical phenotypes....
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Moe, A. A. K., Scott, J. G., Burne, T. H., Eyles, D. W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Antipsychotic-induced sensitization and tolerance: Behavioral characteristics, developmental impacts, and neurobiological mechanisms
Antipsychotic sensitization and tolerance refer to the increased and decreased drug effects due to past drug use, respectively. Both effects reflect the long-term impacts of antipsychotic treatment on the brain and result from the brain’s adaptive response to the foreign property of the drug. In this review, clinical evidence of the behavioral aspect of antipsychotic sensitization and tolerance is selectively reviewed, followed by an overview of preclinical literature that examines these behavioral characteristics and the related pharmacological and nonpharmacological factors. Next, recent work on the developmental i...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Li, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
BAP guidelines on the management of weight gain, metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risk associated with psychosis and antipsychotic drug treatment
Excess deaths from cardiovascular disease are a major contributor to the significant reduction in life expectancy experienced by people with schizophrenia. Important risk factors in this are smoking, alcohol misuse, excessive weight gain and diabetes. Weight gain also reinforces service users’ negative views of themselves and is a factor in poor adherence with treatment. Monitoring of relevant physical health risk factors is frequently inadequate, as is provision of interventions to modify these. These guidelines review issues surrounding monitoring of physical health risk factors and make recommendations about an ap...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - July 12, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cooper, S. J., Reynolds, G. P., With expert co-authors (in alphabetical order):, Barnes, T., England, E., Haddad, P., Heald, A., Holt, R., Lingford-Hughes, A., Osborn, D., McGowan, O., Patel, M., Paton, C., Reid, P., Shiers, D., Smith, J. Tags: BAP guidelines Source Type: research
Changes in CREB and deltaFosB are associated with the behavioural sensitization induced by methylenedioxypyrovalerone
This study constitutes the first evidence that an exposure to a low dose of MDPV during adolescence induces behavioural sensitization and provides a neurobiological basis for a relationship between MDPV and cocaine. We hypothesize that, similar to cocaine, both CREB and deltaFosB play a role in the induction of this behavioural sensitization. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Buenrostro-Jauregui, M., Ciudad-Roberts, A., Moreno, J., Munoz-Villegas, P., Lopez-Arnau, R., Pubill, D., Escubedo, E., Camarasa, J. Tags: Short Report Source Type: research
Caffeine alters the behavioural and body temperature responses to mephedrone without causing long-term neurotoxicity in rats
In conclusion, the study suggests a potentially dangerous effect of concomitant caffeine and mephedrone, and highlights the importance of taking polydrug use into consideration when investigating the acute adverse effect profile of popular recreational drugs. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shortall, S. E., Green, A. R., Fone, K. C., King, M. V. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Oral noribogaine shows high brain uptake and anti-withdrawal effects not associated with place preference in rodents
This study investigated the effects of noribogaine, the principal metabolite of the drug ibogaine, on substance-related disorders. In the first experiment, mice chronically treated with morphine were subjected to naloxone-precipitated withdrawal two hours after oral administration of noribogaine. Oral noribogaine dose dependently decreased the global opiate withdrawal score by up to 88% of vehicle control with an ED50 of 13 mg/kg. In the second experiment, blood and brain levels of noribogaine showed a high brain penetration and a brain/blood ratio of 7±1 across all doses tested. In a third experiment, rats given or...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mash, D. C., Ameer, B., Prou, D., Howes, J. F., Maillet, E. L. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Acquisition and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in rats: Effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil and rivastigmine
The present study examined the influence of the cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil (a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase) and rivastigmine (also an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase) on the acquisition and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Before the CPP procedure, animals received a single injection of ethanol (0.5 g/kg, 10% w/v, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) for 15 days. The ethanol-induced CPP (biased method) was developed by four injections of ethanol (0.5 g/kg, 10% w/v, i.p.) every second day. Control rats received saline instead of ethanol. Donepezil (0.5, 1 or 3 mg/k...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gawel, K., Labuz, K., Gibula-Bruzda, E., Jenda, M., Marszalek-Grabska, M., Silberring, J., Kotlinska, J. H. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Lisdexamfetamine reduces the compulsive and perseverative behaviour of binge-eating rats in a novel food reward/punished responding conflict model
Compulsive and perseverative behaviour in binge-eating, female, Wistar rats was investigated in a novel food reward/punished responding conflict model. Rats were trained to perform the conditioned avoidance response task. When proficient, the paradigm was altered to a food-associated conflict test by placing a chocolate-filled jar (empty jar for controls) in one compartment of the shuttle box. Entry into the compartment with the jar triggered the conditioning stimulus after a variable interval, and foot-shock 10 seconds later if the rat did not leave. Residence in the ‘safe’ compartment with no jar did not init...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Heal, D. J., Goddard, S., Brammer, R. J., Hutson, P. H., Vickers, S. P. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
The effect of alcohol hangover on choice response time
The effect of alcohol hangover on cognitive processing has received little attention. We explored the effect of alcohol hangover on choice response time (RT), a dominant dependent variable (DV) in cognitive research. Prior research of the effect of hangover on RT has produced mixed findings; all studies reviewed relied exclusively on estimates of central tendency (e.g. mean RT), which has limited information value. Here we present novel analytical methods by going beyond mean RT analysis. Specifically, we examined performance in hangover conditions (n=31) across the whole RT distribution by fitting ex-Gaussian models to pa...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Grange, J. A., Stephens, R., Jones, K., Owen, L. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
An experimental test of the effect of acute anxious arousal and anxiety sensitivity on negative reinforcement smoking
Discussion:
The present results suggest for smokers with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, the acute experience of anxious arousal is related to decreased subjective smoking urges. These data invite future research to explore the reasons for dampened smoking urges, including cardiorespiratory symptom severity. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - June 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Farris, S. G., Zvolensky, M. J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
