Decreased mental time travel to the past correlates with default-mode network disintegration under lysergic acid diethylamide
This paper reports on the effects of LSD on mental time travel during spontaneous mentation. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a placebo-controlled crossover study, incorporating intravenous administration of LSD (75 μg) and placebo (saline) prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Six independent, blind judges analysed mentation reports acquired during structured interviews performed shortly after the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans (approximately 2.5 h post-administration). Within each report, specific linguistic references to mental spaces for the past, present and future were...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - March 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Speth, J., Speth, C., Kaelen, M., Schloerscheidt, A. M., Feilding, A., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Individual differences in timing of peak positive subjective responses to d-amphetamine: Relationship to pharmacokinetics and physiology
We examined individual differences in the time to peak subjective and physiological effects and the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of oral d-amphetamine. We considered two independent studies that used different dosing regimens where subjects completed the drug effects questionnaire at multiple time points post d-amphetamine. Based on the observation of distinct individual differences in time course of drug effects questionnaire "feel", "high", and "like" ratings (DEQH+L+F) in Study 1, subjects in both studies were categorized as early peak responders (peak within 60 minutes), late peak responders (peak > 60 minutes)...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - March 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Smith, C. T., Weafer, J., Cowan, R. L., Kessler, R. M., Palmer, A. A., de Wit, H., Zald, D. H. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Time course of pharmacokinetic and hormonal effects of inhaled high-dose salvinorin A in humans
Salvinorin A is a kappa opioid agonist and the principal psychoactive constituent of the Salvia divinorum plant, which has been used for hallucinogenic effects. Previous research on salvinorin A pharmacokinetics likely underestimated plasma levels typically resulting from the doses administered due to inefficient vaporization and not collecting samples during peak drug effects. Six healthy adults inhaled a single high dose of vaporized salvinorin A (n = 4, 21 mcg/kg; n = 2, 18 mcg/kg). Participant- and monitor-rated effects were assessed every 2 min for 60 min post-inhalation. Blood samples were collected at 13 time points...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - March 15, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Johnson, M. W., MacLean, K. A., Caspers, M. J., Prisinzano, T. E., Griffiths, R. R. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Thank you to our reviewers
(Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Thanks to Reviewers Source Type: research
Antipsychotic drug-like facilitation of latent inhibition by a brain-penetrating neurotensin-1 receptor agonist
Latent inhibition (LI) is a measure of cognitive gating and refers to reduced conditioned learning when there is pre-exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) before it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Dysregulation of LI is associated with some neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, and the ability to facilitate LI in rodents is a reasonably good predictive test for antipsychotic drugs. Converging evidence supports neurotensin-1 receptor (NTS1) agonists as novel drugs for schizophrenia. Therefore, we investigated the ability of a brain-penetrating, selective NTS1 agonist, PD149163, to facilita...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Feifel, D., Shilling, P., Fazlinejad, A., Melendez, G. Tags: Short Reports Source Type: research
The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on speech and behavioural mimicry in individuals at familial risk for depression
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with abnormalities in speech and behavioural mimicry. These abnormalities may contribute to the impairments in interpersonal functioning that are often seen in MDD patients. MDD has also been associated with disturbances in the brain serotonin system, but the extent to which serotonin regulates speech and behavioural mimicry remains unclear. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we induced acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) in individuals with or without a family history of MDD. Five hours afterwards, participants engaged in two behavioural-mimicry experiments in ...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hogenelst, K., Sarampalis, A., Leander, N. P., Müller, B. C., Schoevers, R. A., aan het Rot, M. Tags: Short Reports Source Type: research
White-matter connectivity related to paliperidone treatment response in patients with schizophrenia
The objective of this study was to examine whether white-matter (WM) connectivity of patients with schizophrenia at early stage of treatment is related to treatment response after paliperidone extended-release (ER) treatment. Forty-one patients with schizophrenia and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in this study. Brain magnetic resonance scans at 3 Tesla were conducted at early stage of treatment. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy (FA) data was performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. At baseline and eight weeks after paliperidone treatment, patients were ass...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kim, M.-K., Kim, B., Lee, K. S., Kim, C. M., Bang, S. Y., Choi, T. K., Lee, S.-H. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
The effects of methylphenidate on cerebral responses to conflict anticipation and unsigned prediction error in a stop-signal task
To adapt flexibly to a rapidly changing environment, humans must anticipate conflict and respond to surprising, unexpected events. To this end, the brain estimates upcoming conflict on the basis of prior experience and computes unsigned prediction error (UPE). Although much work implicates catecholamines in cognitive control, little is known about how pharmacological manipulation of catecholamines affects the neural processes underlying conflict anticipation and UPE computation. We addressed this issue by imaging 24 healthy young adults who received a 45 mg oral dose of methylphenidate (MPH) and 62 matched controls who did...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Manza, P., Hu, S., Ide, J. S., Farr, O. M., Zhang, S., Leung, H.-C., Li, C.-s. R. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Effects of short-term quetiapine treatment on emotional processing, sleep and circadian rhythms
Conclusions:
These changes in sleep timing and circadian rhythmicity in healthy volunteers may be relevant to quetiapine’s therapeutic actions. Effects on emotional processing did not emulate the effects of antidepressants. The effects of quetiapine on sleep and circadian rhythms in patients with bipolar disorder merit further investigation to elucidate its mechanisms of action. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rock, P. L., Goodwin, G. M., Wulff, K., McTavish, S. F., Harmer, C. J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Norms for healthy adults aged 18-87 years for the Cognitive Drug Research System: An automated set of tests of attention, information processing and memory for use in clinical trials
The Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) System is a set of nine computerized tests of attention, information processing, working memory, executive control and episodic memory which was designed for repeated assessments in research projects. The CDR System has been used extensively in clinical trials involving healthy volunteers for over 30 years, and a database of 7751 individuals aged 18–87 years has been accumulated for pre-treatment data from these studies. This database has been analysed, and the relationships between the various scores with factors, including age, gender and years of full-time education, have been ide...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wesnes, K. A., McNamara, C., Annas, P. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
NS11821, a partial subtype-selective GABAA agonist, elicits selective effects on the central nervous system in randomized controlled trial with healthy subjects
NS11821 is a partial GABAA agonist with relatively dominant α2,3 and α5 subtype efficacy but negligible α1 agonism. This first-in-human study was performed in healthy male subjects using a single-dose, parallel, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-escalation study design. In total six cohorts (N=48) were enrolled. The eight subjects of each cohort received NS11821 (10 mg, 30 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg or 600 mg) or placebo in a 6:2 ratio. At low dose levels, NS11821 had a relatively low exposure and a more-than-proportional increase of the area under the curve and maximum plasma concentratio...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zuiker, R. G., Chen, X., Osterberg, O., Mirza, N. R., Muglia, P., de Kam, M., Klaassen, E. S., van Gerven, J. M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
The safety and tolerability of vortioxetine: Analysis of data from randomized placebo-controlled trials and open-label extension studies
The safety and tolerability of vortioxetine in adults with major depressive disorder was assessed. Tolerability was based on the nature, incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during acute (6/8) week treatment in 11 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled short-term studies in major depressive disorder: six with an active reference. Symptoms following discontinuation were assessed through the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms checklist in three studies. Long-term (<=52 weeks) tolerability was evaluated in five open-label extension studies. Patients (n =5701) were acutely treate...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Baldwin, D. S., Chrones, L., Florea, I., Nielsen, R., Nomikos, G. G., Palo, W., Reines, E. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Betahistine decreases olanzapine-induced weight gain and somnolence in humans
Olanzapine’s efficacy in schizophrenia is attributed to antagonism of dopamine and serotonin receptors. Olanzapine is also a potent histamine-H1 antagonist that results in weight gain and somnolence. Betahistine is a centrally acting histamine-H1 agonist, and therefore may reduce olanzapine’s effect on histamine receptors in the brain. Olanzapine’s high affinity for the histamine-H1 receptor warrants the use of high doses of betahistine. Forty-eight healthy women were recruited and randomized to receive either betahistine 144 mg/day or matching placebo for 4 weeks. Due to the high dose of betahistine, ola...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Barak, N., Beck, Y., Albeck, J. H. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists combating clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes
Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic, but its use is tempered by adverse metabolic effects such as weight gain, glucose intolerance and type II diabetes. Current interventions do not facilitate compelling or sustained improvement in metabolic status. Recent studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may play a key role in clozapine’s metabolic effects, possibly suggesting that clozapine-associated obesity and diabetes are mediated independently through reduced GLP-1. As a result, GLP-1 agonists could show promise in reversing antipsychotic-induced metabolic derangements, providing mechanistic justi...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - February 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mayfield, K., Siskind, D., Winckel, K., Russell, A. W., Kisely, S., Smith, G., Hollingworth, S. Tags: Review Source Type: research
The role of CA3 GABAA receptors on anxiolytic-like behaviors and avoidance memory deficit induced by NMDA receptor antagonists
Cognitive functions are influenced by memory and anxiety states. However, a non-linear relation has been shown between these two domains. The important role of the hippocampus in memory and emotional responses may link the pathogenesis of anxiety to memory-related GABAergic and glutamatergic processes in the hippocampus. To investigate the role of GABAA receptors in relation to blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the CA3 region, and balancing the glutamatergic and GABAergic system activities as an approach for the management of related disorders, the elevated plus-maze test–retest paradigm was used to i...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - January 22, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zarrabian, S., Farahizadeh, M., Nasehi, M., Zarrindast, M.-R. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
