The effects of galantamine and buspirone on sleep structure: Implications for understanding sleep abnormalities in major depression
Conclusions:
These findings are partially consistent with the cholinergic literature about sleep in depression, notably short REM latency, higher percentage of total sleep time spent in REM and increased sleep fragmentation. The prolonged REM latency and reduced percentage of REM with buspirone resembled the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants on REM sleep. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Biard, K., Douglass, A. B., De Koninck, J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Differentiated effects of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine on sleep architecture: Part 2, pharmacological interactions in rodents suggest a role of serotonin-3 receptor antagonism
Antidepressants often disrupt sleep. Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant acting through serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) inhibition, 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonism, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonism, and 5-HT1A receptor agonism, had fewer incidences of sleep-related adverse events reported in depressed patients. In the accompanying paper a polysomnographic electroencephalography (sleep-EEG) study of vortioxetine and paroxetine in healthy subjects indicated that at low/intermediate levels of SERT occupancy, vortioxetine affected rapid eye movement (REM) sleep differently than paroxetine. Here we investig...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leiser, S. C., Iglesias-Bregna, D., Westrich, L., Pehrson, A. L., Sanchez, C. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Differentiated effects of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine on sleep architecture: Part 1, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison with paroxetine in healthy men
We compared the effect of vortioxetine, paroxetine and placebo after three days of dosing on sleep architecture. This was a randomised, double-blind, four-way crossover, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in 24 healthy young men. Subjects received 20mg vortioxetine, 40mg vortioxetine, 20mg paroxetine or placebo for three consecutive days in four different periods with at least three weeks between them. Polysomnography and blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis were performed on the pre-dose night and nights 1 and 3 of dosing in each period. Plasma concentrations of vortioxetine and paroxetine during the polysomno...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wilson, S., Hojer, A.-M., Buchberg, J., Areberg, J., Nutt, D. J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
No evidence for differential dose effects of hydrocortisone on intrusive memories in female patients with complex post-traumatic stress disorder - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Conclusions:
Our results do not show any effect of the hydrocortisone administration on intrusions in complex post-traumatic stress disorder. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ludascher, P., Schmahl, C., Feldmann, R. E., Kleindienst, N., Schneider, M., Bohus, M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition predict smoking lapse in posttraumatic stress disorder
Most smokers who attempt to quit lapse within the first week and are ultimately unsuccessful in their quit attempt. Nicotine withdrawal exacerbates cognitive and attentional problems and may be one factor in smoking relapse. The startle reflex response and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the response are sensitive to arousal and early attentional dysregulation. The current study examined whether startle response and PPI are related to early smoking lapse, and if this differs in people with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants with (N = 34) and without (N = 57) PTSD completed a startle reflex and PPI ...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vrana, S. R., Calhoun, P. S., Dennis, M. F., Kirby, A. C., Beckham, J. C. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Evidence for serotonin function as a neurochemical difference between fear and anxiety disorders in humans?
The relationships between serotonin and fear and anxiety disorders have been much studied yet many important questions remain, despite selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors having been the primary treatments for these disorders for some time. In order to explore this issue we performed a pooled analysis of six of our studies in remitted patients with a fear/anxiety disorder who were exposed to syndrome-specific aversive stimulation under acute tryptophan depletion. We based our analysis on the hypothesis that the inconsistencies observed in the studies could be predicted by Deakin and Graeff’s theory about the dual...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Corchs, F., Nutt, D. J., Hince, D. A., Davies, S. J., Bernik, M., Hood, S. D. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in generalised anxiety disorder: A critical review of the literature
The aim of this review is to summarise the literature on the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Of 241 literature citations, 13 clinical trials were identified that were specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in GAD, including 11 randomised double-blind trials and two open-label studies. Pregabalin efficacy has been consistently demonstrated across the licensed dose range of 150–600 mg/day. Efficacy has been reported for pregabalin monotherapy in elderly patients with GAD, patients with severe anxiety, and for adjunctive therapy ...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Baldwin, D. S., den Boer, J. A., Lyndon, G., Emir, B., Schweizer, E., Haswell, H. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality
(Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hendricks, P. S., Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
The link between use of psychedelic drugs and mental health problems
(Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nesvag, R., Bramness, J. G., Ystrom, E., Suzanne Krebs, T., Johansen, P.-O. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Dual motor responses elicited by ethanol in the posterior VTA: Consequences of the blockade of {mu}-opioid receptors
A recent hypothesis, based on electrophysiological and behavioural findings, suggests that ethanol simultaneously exerts opposed effects on the activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through two parallel mechanisms, one promoting and the other reducing the GABA release onto VTA DA neurons. In this sense, the activating effects are mediated by salsolinol, a metabolite of ethanol, acting on the μ-opioid receptors (MORs) located in VTA GABA neurons. The inhibitory effects are, however, triggered by the non-metabolized fraction of ethanol which would cause the GABAA receptors-mediated inhibiti...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Marti-Prats, L., Orrico, A., Polache, A., Granero, L. Tags: Short Reports Source Type: research
Perceptual distortions and delusional thinking following ketamine administration are related to increased pharmacological MRI signal changes in the parietal lobe
Ketamine produces effects in healthy humans that resemble the positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. We investigated the effect of ketamine administration on brain activity as indexed by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal change response, and its relationship to ketamine-induced subjective changes, including perceptual distortion. Thirteen healthy participants volunteered for the study. All underwent a 15-min functional MRI acquisition with a ketamine infusion commencing after 5 min (approx 0.26 mg/kg over 20s followed by an infusion of approx. 0.42 mg/kg/h). Following the scan, participants se...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Stone, J., Kotoula, V., Dietrich, C., De Simoni, S., Krystal, J. H., Mehta, M. A. Tags: Short Reports Source Type: research
Negative modulation of {alpha}5 GABAA receptors in rats may partially prevent memory impairment induced by MK-801, but not amphetamine- or MK-801-elicited hyperlocomotion
This study assessed the actions of PWZ-029, administered at doses (2, 5, and 10 mg/kg) at which it reached micromolar concentrations in brain tissue with estimated free concentrations adequate for selective modulation of α5 GABAA receptors, in three cognitive tasks in male Wistar rats acutely treated with the noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg), as well in tests of locomotor activity potentiated by MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg) or amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg). In a hormetic-like manner, only 5 mg/kg PWZ-029 reversed MK-801-induced deficits in novel object recognition test (visual recognition m...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Timic Stamenic, T., Joksimovic, S., Biawat, P., Stankovic, T., Markovic, B., Cook, J. M., Savic, M. M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Immunodetection and subcellular distribution of imidazoline receptor proteins with three antibodies in mouse and human brains: Effects of treatments with I1- and I2-imidazoline drugs
In this study, three IR antibodies (anti-NISCH and anti-nischarin for I1-IRs; and anti-IRBP for I1/I2-IRs) were used to immunodetect, characterize and compare IR protein patterns in brain (mouse and human; total homogenate, subcellular fractionation, grey and white matter) and some cell systems (neurones, astrocytes, human platelets). Various immunoreactive IRs (specific molecular weight bands coincidently detected with the different antibodies) were related to I1-IR (167 kDa, 105/115 kDa and 85 kDa proteins) or I2-IR (66 kDa, 45 kDa and 30 kDa proteins) types. The biochemical characterization of cortical 167 kDa protein, ...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Keller, B., Garcia-Sevilla, J. A. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Auditory event-related potentials in methadone substituted opiate users
The effects of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on neurophysiological function are unclear. Using an auditory oddball paradigm, event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes and latencies were measured in 32 patients undertaking MMT, 17 opiate users who were addicted but not receiving substitution treatment and 25 healthy control subjects. Compared with healthy control subjects, the MMT and opiate user groups showed an increased P200 amplitude in response to target stimuli. The opiate user group also exhibited a decreased amplitude and an increased latency of N200, and a greater number of task-related errors than either he...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wang, G. Y., Kydd, R., Russell, B. R. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Differential cardiovascular and hypothalamic pituitary response to amphetamine in male pathological gamblers versus healthy controls
This study assessed heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and plasma cortisol following oral AMPH (0.4 mg/kg) in male PGs (n=12) and HCs (n=11) who underwent a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The Stop Signal Task enabled assessment of the link between physiological and behavioral dysregulation. Trait moderating effects were explored. The responses of PGs to AMPH differed from those of HCs on every index. PGs displayed persistent elevation in DBP and concomitant reduction in HR (i.e. baroreflex) compared to HCs beyond 90 min post-dose. PGs displayed deficits in cortisol c...
Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology - September 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zack, M., Boileau, I., Payer, D., Chugani, B., Lobo, D. S., Houle, S., Wilson, A. A., Warsh, J. J., Kish, S. J. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
