Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Pediatric Orbital Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are embryonal neoplasms that originate from the neural crest cells.1 They are a heterogenous group of malignant neuroepithelial tumors having small round cells that occur mostly in children and young adults. Initially, it was believed that central the nervous system was the most common site of PNETs. However, because they were seen outside of the central nervous system, PNETs were reclassified as central PNET and peripheral PNET. Orbital PNET is a subtype of peripheral PNET.2 Orbital PNET shows varying degrees of neural differentiation. Histopathology (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - November 14, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tayyab Afghani, MS Source Type: research
Practice Patterns in the Management of Amblyopia: A Survey Study
The management of amblyopia continues to evolve in the setting of new clinical trials and treatment modalities; however, the general lack of standardization and guidelines leaves many aspects of management unclear.1 –3 Key questions that have emerged include the choice of treatment modality, optimal duration and intensity, age of initiation, need for and timing of strabismus surgery, cessation of treatment, and patient compliance rates.4–11 There is scant literature that explores practice patterns and their relationship to demographic factors among pediatric ophthalmologists.12 –15 It has been (Source: Journal of Ped...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - November 14, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jacquelyn Laplant, MD Source Type: research
Unilateral Congenital Cataract: Clinical Profile and Presentation
Congenital cataract is one of the most common treatable causes of visual impairment and blindness during infancy, with an estimated prevalence of 5 to 15 per 10,000 children in developing countries.1 Cataract produces prolonged visual deprivation that causes an irreversible loss of vision. Although a decent amount of literature is available pertaining to bilateral cataracts, the same cannot be said of unilateral cataracts. The rate of unilaterality in congenital cataract has been reported to be from 19.6% to 55.5% by various studies.2 –4 In most cases, there is no history of childhood cataract (Source: Journal of Pediatr...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - November 14, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sudarshan Khokhar, MD Source Type: research
Time and Factors Affecting the Direction of Re-drift in Essential Infantile Esotropia
Although exotropic or esotropic drift after surgical correction for infantile esotropia has been reported to be common, the onset time and factors of the re-drift have not been well studied. Recurrence after infantile esotropia surgery was reported to occur at various postoperative periods.1,2 Although the onset of overcorrection after esotropia surgery was also reported to be variable, several studies suggested a long latency period before the development of overcorrection.1,3,4 In a previous study, the time interval between original surgery and reoperation for overcorrection was reported to (Source: Journal of Pediatric ...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - November 14, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kun-Hoo Na, MD Source Type: research
Visual and Refractive Outcomes of Children After Early Secondary Cataract Extraction Following Wound Repair for Penetrating Ocular Trauma
In the pediatric and adolescent age group, ocular trauma is an important cause of acquired visual loss.1 Approximately 60% to 70% of cases occur as a result of penetrating trauma,2 which leads to the development of lenticular opacities in 18% to 55% of cases.3 –5 The cataract that develops is often visually significant and requires removal. The corneal lacerations and cataract secondary to ocular trauma remain a challenge to the treating ophthalmologist, with the ultimate goal of useful visual restoration. This is achieved through restoration of the glo be integrity followed by visual axis (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - November 14, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kamaldeep Arora, DM Source Type: research
Right Ring Finger Volar Mass in a 14-Year-Old Boy
This report presents the clinical manifestations, the management, and the outcomes of this uncommon cause of a trigge r digit in an adolescent patient. A 14-year-old, left-hand –dominant boy presented (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mary P. Fox, MD Source Type: research
New Technique for Removal of Screws With Damaged Heads
Removal of an orthopedic implant may become necessary at the patient's request, or if implant-related pain, nonunion, hardware failure, or infection occurs. Unlike stainless steel screws, titanium screws can become encased or stripped during the process of initial open reduction and internal fixation or at the time of hardware removal because of their higher degree of biocompatibility and subsequent osteointegration. Furthermore, the use of titanium locking plates has brought new problems related to cold welding of the screw heads into the locking screw holes. Removal of screws from locking (Source: Journal of Pediatric Op...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Takahiro Iwata, MD, PhD Source Type: research
Complex Lumbar Spine Fusion for an Elderly Patient Under Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia is an emerging technique to anesthetize patients during spine surgery. This method is especially appealing for elderly patients because of their lack of physiologic reserve. Spinal anesthesia may be beneficial to geriatric patients for several reasons, including improved hemodynamic stability, reduced need for opioids and polypharmacy, and improved pain control. Unfortunately, few studies report on the application of spinal anesthesia for patients older than 70 years undergoing spine surgery and for procedures lasting more than 2 hours.1 –4 The authors report the case of an (Source: Journal of Pediatric...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Noah L. Lessing, BS Source Type: research
Perioperative Blood Loss During Total Hip Arthroplasty Among Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease that predominantly affects young men and involves the axial joints, such as the spine and sacroiliac joint. In some cases, the hip is involved. The current pharmacologic and physical therapy for ankylosing spondylitis with hip involvement remains uncertain. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been proven to be the most effective treatment to significantly improve pain, function, and hip range of motion in adults with ankylosing spondylitis and advanced hip arthritis.1 Despite advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques, THA is associated with (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Yong Hu, MD Source Type: research
Comparison of Knee Stability and Synovial Fluid Alterations in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With a Hamstring Autograft or an Allograft
Prompt surgical reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture ensures that patients can return to playing sports quickly. Conventionally, bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft or hamstring tendon autograft is used as the graft for ACL reconstruction.1,2 However, harvesting any autograft is associated with more or less donor site morbidity.3 Thus, allograft appears to be another choice for ACL reconstruction. Two major advantages of using allograft tissue are the lack of donor site morbidity and decreased surgical time. Despite the obvious benefits of allografts, several studies have (Source: Journal of Pediatric...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Rui Yang, MD Source Type: research
T786C Mutation in the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene in Patients With Primary Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis has multiple causes, including thrombophilia, that are associated with osseous venous thrombosis1 –4 and reduce the vascular supply to subcortical bone.5 Microcirculatory thrombotic occlusion promoted by both thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis1,4,6 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms7 leads to reduced vascular supply to the femoral head, osteocyte death, collapse of the arti cular surface, and subsequent osteoarthritis.7 Microscopic evaluation of osteonecrotic femoral heads shows arteriolar and intravascular thrombosis8 with concurrent high levels of (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalm...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Amir M. Khan, MD Source Type: research
Extent and Morbidity of Lateralization of a Trochanteric Fixation Nail Blade
Hip fractures are increasingly prevalent, and epidemiologic estimates project that the incidence of these fractures in the United States will increase from approximately 250,000 annually1 to as high as 512,000 by 2040.2 Many treatment options are available for pertrochanteric femur fractures, ranging from the sliding hip screw with an extramedullary side plate to the more modern cephalomedullary devices that feature either a lag screw or a helical blade to achieve fixation in the femoral head. The use of cephalomedullary nails vs a sliding hip screw to treat pertrochanteric femur fractures has (Source: Journal of Pediatric...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Phillip A. Sandifer, MD Source Type: research
Characteristics and Efficacy of a New 3-Dimensional Printed Mesh Structure Titanium Alloy Spacer for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Since posterior lumbar interbody fusion was introduced by Cloward1 in the 1950s, it has been among the most widely performed surgical procedures for lumbar degenerative disease.2,3 In particular, implants for interbody fusion have advanced considerably in terms of material, design, and surface coating since the mid-1970s, and these implants have greatly improved the biomechanical stability of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screws.4,5 Clinical trials have shown that advanced materials, such as demineralized bone matrix, recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins, and (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalm...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sung-Soo Chung, MD Source Type: research
Determining When It Is Safe to Remove the External Fixator: Results From a Survey of the Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society
Thousands of external fixators are used for deformity correction and distraction osteogenesis each year. At some point, each of these frames must be removed. Determining when it is safe to remove an external fixator is not always easy. Multiple variables, such as the patient's medical comorbidities, the construct stability, and the underlying etiology, can affect the quality of the regenerate bone formation. The ultimate decision to remove an external fixator is generally based on the findings from clinical examination and plain radiographs. One commonly used radiographic guideline is the (Source: Journal of Pediatric Opht...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Christopher A. Iobst, MD Source Type: research
Vitamin D Use and Health Outcomes After Surgery for Hip Fracture
Adequate levels of vitamin D are essential for maintaining general bone health because vitamin D regulates calcium and skeletal homeostasis.1 Previous research suggested that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, fractures,2 and falls and also may improve muscle strength in elderly patients after hip fracture.3 –8 A recent meta-analysis questioned the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in preventing osteoporosis and fractures among healthy adults.9 However, the authors recommended vitamin D supplementation for individuals who are at risk for osteomalacia, which (Source: Journal of Pediatric Op...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - October 10, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sheila Sprague, PhD Source Type: research
