Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Unilateral Congenital Cataract: Clinical Profile and Presentation
Congenital cataract is one of the most common treatable causes of visual impairment and blindness during infancy, with an estimated prevalence of 5 to 15 per 10,000 children in developing countries.1 Cataract produces prolonged visual deprivation that causes an irreversible loss of vision. Although a decent amount of literature is available pertaining to bilateral cataracts, the same cannot be said of unilateral cataracts. The rate of unilaterality in congenital cataract has been reported to be from 19.6% to 55.5% by various studies.2 –4 In most cases, there is no history of childhood cataract (Source: Journal of Pediatr...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sudarshan Khokhar, MD Source Type: research

Practice Patterns in the Management of Amblyopia: A Survey Study
The management of amblyopia continues to evolve in the setting of new clinical trials and treatment modalities; however, the general lack of standardization and guidelines leaves many aspects of management unclear.1 –3 Key questions that have emerged include the choice of treatment modality, optimal duration and intensity, age of initiation, need for and timing of strabismus surgery, cessation of treatment, and patient compliance rates.4–11 There is scant literature that explores practice patterns and their relationship to demographic factors among pediatric ophthalmologists.12 –15 It has been (Source: Journal of Ped...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jacquelyn Laplant, MD Source Type: research

Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Achromatopsia: A Review of the Literature
Achromatopsia is an inherited retinal disease that affects the cone cell function. It is a genetic dysfunction of all types of cones1 and is usually an autosomal-recessive disease that affects 1:30,000 to 1:50,000 births. It is characterized by presentation at birth or early infancy with pendular nystagmus, poor visual acuity, lack of color vision, and marked photophobia.2,3 The clinical signs and symptoms of achromatopsia vary. Typical clinical presentation includes photophobia, pendular nystagmus, poor visual acuity, and color vision deficiency, among others. These symptoms usually start at (Source: Journal of Pediatric ...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Isabel Pascual-Camps, MD, PhD Source Type: research

Visual and Refractive Outcomes of Children After Early Secondary Cataract Extraction Following Wound Repair for Penetrating Ocular Trauma
In the pediatric and adolescent age group, ocular trauma is an important cause of acquired visual loss.1 Approximately 60% to 70% of cases occur as a result of penetrating trauma,2 which leads to the development of lenticular opacities in 18% to 55% of cases.3 –5 The cataract that develops is often visually significant and requires removal. The corneal lacerations and cataract secondary to ocular trauma remain a challenge to the treating ophthalmologist, with the ultimate goal of useful visual restoration. This is achieved through restoration of the glo be integrity followed by visual axis (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kamaldeep Arora, DM Source Type: research

Ideal Wound Healing Is Not a Stretch
You cut the medial rectus off of the eye and, with your usual precise suturing technique, sew it back to the globe exactly where the measurements of the strabismic deviation would indicate. Case finished. . . Not so fast! The body must now heal the tendon to the globe in a strong and predictable manner. Actually, wound healing began the moment you cut the muscle off of the globe. The first step toward wound healing is hemostasis. Immediate vasospasm, shortly followed by platelet aggregation, occludes the walls of the small cut vessels. Circulating clotting factors attach to the platelet plug (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Frederick M. Wang, MD Source Type: research

Resistant Infantile Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Egypt: A Microbiology Study
Conjunctivitis is a commonly encountered disease characterized by conjunctival edema and hyperemia and usually accompanied by variable types of discharge.1 Bacterial conjunctivitis was reported as the second most common type of infectious conjunctivitis after viral infection,2 –4 and the first cause of acute conjunctivitis in children representing 50% to 75% of cases.5,6 These cases are usually managed initially by general practitioners and the antibiotic treatment is empirically selected without preceding microbiological studies.7,8 The microbiological aspects of bacterial conjunctivitis were (Source: Journal of Pediatr...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Aiman Abdeltawwab Hashish, MD Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Findings at 3 Tesla in Brown Syndrome
An adolescent girl with prior right lower eyelid epiblepharon repair was referred to a tertiary care center for assessment of ipsilateral Brown syndrome. She was initially diagnosed 3 years previously and had been observed without treatment or report of bothersome symptoms. Clinical examination noted normal visual acuity and expected decreased orbital elevation with adduction. On a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study, axial (Figure 1A) and coronal (Figure 1B) fat-suppressed, post-contrast T1 imaging revealed asymmetric enlargement and enhancement of the right superior oblique tendon (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophth...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - March 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: David S. Walton, MD Source Type: research

Ocular Dipping in a Patient With Hemiplegic Migraine
Severe hemiplegic migraine is a rare subtype of migraine with aura associated with a neurologic disturbance, with nystagmus being a frequent neuroophthalmic manifestation. A unique case is reported of sporadic hemiplegic migraine with ocular dipping as one of the presenting clinical features during the initial acute attack. A 5-year-old girl presented with acute onset vertigo, right-sided hemiplegia, and altered mental status after a minor fall without loss of consciousness. She was admitted to an outside hospital, where her mental status continued to deteriorate, and she was intubated and (Source: Journal of Pediatric Oph...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 31, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Iga N. Gray, MD, PhD Source Type: research

Optical Coherence Tomography in Children With Microtropia
Microtropia is an adaptation of binocular vision by a monocular alteration of undefined etiology. There are various theories for its origin, which range from anisometropic refractive defects1 to difficulty in bifoveal fixation or even genetic predisposition.2 The concept of microtropia was introduced by Lang during the International Symposium on Strabismus, celebrated in Giessen in 1966. It is described as a primary ocular deviation of less than 10 prism diopters (PD) associated with harmonious anomalous retinal correspondence and reduced stereopsis.3 This harmonious anomalous retinal (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalm...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 31, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Manuel Ángel García-García, OD, MSc Source Type: research

Horner Syndrome After Epidural Catheter Placement in a 4-Month-Old Child
Horner syndrome is classically described as a triad of symptoms including ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis that is caused by disruption anywhere along the three-neuron oculosympathetic chain. In pediatric patients, the etiology of Horner syndrome can be classified as congenital or acquired. Congenital causes include birth trauma (most common) and vascular malformations. Acquired cases include surgical causes (thoracotomy tube placement, central venous catheter insertion, neck surgery, epidural block, radiofrequency tonsil ablation, and cardiothoracic surgery), trauma, infections, and, the most (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 31, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Andrea Avila, MD Source Type: research

Mitomycin C in Filtering Surgery for Primary Congenital Glaucoma: A Comparison of Exposure Durations
Primary congenital glaucoma is used to describe the rise of intraocular pressure (IOP) that occurs in the first few months of life due to an abnormality in the aqueous outflow pathways.1 It is the most common type of glaucoma in childhood,2 with variable incidences among different populations,3 and is more common and severe in communities with high rates of consanguineous marriages, such as in the Middle East.4 Primary congenital glaucoma is essentially a surgical disease, with treatment options including angle,5 filtering,6 combined angle and filtering,4,7 and tube8 surgery, and (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 31, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nader H. Bayoumi, MD Source Type: research

Characteristics and Long-term Follow-up of Isolated Vertical Nystagmus in Infancy
We describe the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of infants who presented with isolated vertical nystagmus in infancy, age-appropriate visual behavior, and unremarkable neuroimaging studies. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 31, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Imran Jivraj, MD Source Type: research

The Treatment of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Children: A Retrospective Review
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common issue encountered in pediatric ophthalmology, occurring in up to 6% of newborns.1 Although obstruction can occur at any place along the nasolacrimal drainage system, congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction most frequently involves a failure of patency in the nasal mucosa.2,3 Conservative treatment consisting of observation, massage of the lacrimal sac, and topical antibiotics is recommended because spontaneous resolution occurs in many patients.4 If symptoms persist, the primary intervention is probing of the nasolacrimal system.3 (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: H. Sprague Eustis, MD Source Type: research

Inferior Oblique Belly Transposition for Small Angle Hypertropia With Inferior Oblique Overaction: A Pilot Study
Inferior oblique myectomy and recession are the most commonly performed procedures to weaken inferior oblique overaction.1 In patients with small hypertropias in the primary gaze position ( (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shiqiang Yang, MD Source Type: research

Reduction of Consecutive Esotropia Using Modified Contralateral Recession and Resection for Recurrent Intermittent Exotropia
The most common surgical procedures for intermittent exotropia are unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection or bilateral lateral rectus recession.1,2 Surgical success rates of exotropia vary from 58% to 79% based on previous studies.3,4 It is common to reoperate on patients with exotropia because recurrence rates tend to increase over time. The surgical treatment for recurrent exotropia depends mainly on the primary surgery.5 Bilateral or unilateral medial rectus resection is performed on patients with a previous bilateral lateral rectus recession. Unilateral lateral (Source: Journal of Pediatric Oph...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Soon Young Cho, MD Source Type: research