Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Efficacy of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession According to Secondary Deviation Measurements in Unilateral Exotropic Duane Retraction Syndrome
Exotropic Duane retraction syndrome with abnormal head turn posture toward the opposite side (usually referred to as type II Duane retraction syndrome) is less common than esotropic or orthotropic Duane retraction syndrome and there are limited data regarding the outcome of different surgical approaches. Exotropic Duane retraction syndrome is believed to occur when the force generated by the lateral rectus muscle through dysinnervation is greater than the corresponding force of the medial rectus muscle.1 All patients with exotropic Duane retraction syndrome have an adduction deficit and many (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Daphna Mezad-Koursh, MD Source Type: research

Combined Oral and Topical Beta Blockers for the Treatment of Early Proliferative Superficial Periocular Infantile Capillary Hemangioma
Infantile hemangiomas are benign vascular endothelial neoplasms characterized by a bright red surface and occur in up to 4% of children by the age of 1 year. They are usually small at the time of birth and enlarge rapidly during the first few months of the newborn's life, eventually shrinking slowly over time.1,2 Therapeutic options include corticosteroids, pulse dye laser, topical imiquimod, beta blockers, and surgery, with recent emphasis on corticosteroids and beta blockers. The efficacy of propranolol, a non-selective beta blocker, in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas has been (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthal...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Hatem M. Marey, MD Source Type: research

Surgical Outcome of Intermittent Exotropia With Improvement in Control Grade Subsequent to Part-time Preoperative Occlusion Therapy
Intermittent exotropia is the most frequent type of strabismus encountered in childhood and accounts for more than 50% of cases of exotropia in children.1 In addition to surgery, management of intermittent exotropia includes orthoptic exercises, minus lenses or prisms, and part-time occlusion regimens.2 Freeman and Isenberg3 reported that all 11 patients in their study who underwent part-time patch occlusion of the non-deviating eye for 4 to 6 hours a day converted to heterophoria or orthophoria, at least temporarily. In Cotter et al.'s4 study of 358 children between the ages of 3 and 11 (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophth...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Seung Pil Bang, MD Source Type: research

Endophthalmitis Following Pediatric Cataract Surgery: An International Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Council Global Perspective
Endophthalmitis following pediatric cataract surgery is a potentially blinding complication.1,2 Due to its low incidence (0% to 0.45%),3 –10 it is difficult to conduct large-scale prospective studies. Our limited knowledge of this condition is derived from data extrapolated from studies on adults11 and the scarce pediatric literature available that consists mostly of case reports and small series. Collecting information worldwide c an potentially enhance our understanding and decrease the occurrence of endophthalmitis following pediatric cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to (Source: Journal of Pediatric Oph...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Almutez M. Gharaibeh, MBBS Source Type: research

Surgical Outcome of Congenital Cataract in Eyes With Microcornea
With the advent of improved surgical technique, better instrumentation, and newer intraocular lenses, outcomes of congenital cataract surgery are improving. Intraocular lens implantation is now being widely accepted, especially in children older than 1 year of age.1,2 This is possible for cases of congenital cataract with normal corneal size; however, for children with microcornea, this may not hold true. Not only is the normal-sized intraocular lens (IOL) implantation deferred, but it also has a relatively poor prognosis attributable to the associated ocular and systemic anomalies. The rate (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jyoti Matalia, MBBS, DOMS, DNB Source Type: research

Neuroanatomical Structures in Human Extraocular Muscles and Their Potential Implication in the Development of Oculomotor Disorders
The control and coordination of extraocular muscles both rely on a complex interaction between pre-motor neurons located in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The pathway from these supranuclear structures leads to the neural network in the brainstem and ends in three cranial nerve nuclei (III, IV, and VI) involved in ocular rotation. The dichotomy in size, which can be observed among the pool of motor neurons in all of the nuclei, is also present among the efferent nerve fibers and the muscle fibers that they innervate. This neuromuscular organization suggests that there is a division of (Source: Journal of Pediatric Oph...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ala Paduca, PhD Source Type: research

Torpedo Maculopathy
A 5-year-old boy with no relevant medical history was referred with left “amblyopia.” His Snellen visual acuity was 6/9 and 6/18− in the right and left eyes, respectively. Right funduscopy revealed a well-demarcated, horizontally elongated, oval, flat macular lesion temporal to the fovea in line with the optic disc (Figure 1). The nasal half was horseshoe-shaped an d uniformly light orange, and the temporal aspect had irregular hyperpigmentation interspersed by lighter areas. In the center of the lesion, at the junction between the two parts, a whitish spot can be observed. The boy was given a (Source: Journal of Ped...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: David S. Walton, MD Source Type: research

The Roundabout Way of Finding the Right Target
Of the organ systems, the nervous system is the first to initiate and last to complete. The neural system of a child undergoes tremendous development, with more than 2,500 synapses per neuron at birth that increase to 15,000 synapses per neuron by age 3 years. Proper functioning of the neural circuit requires not only the production of nerve cells, which are the building blocks of the nervous system, but also detailed guidance to locations that result in their making appropriate connections. The neurons have a cell body with extensions called axons and dendrites. Whereas dendrites are smaller (Source: Journal of Pediatric ...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Frederick M. Wang, MD Source Type: research

“My Baby's Right Eye Is Red”
A 2-month-old male infant (Figure 1) was referred for further evaluation because his mother reported that his right eye had been red since birth. He was born via cesarean section at 39 weeks. His mother reported that the right eye was noticeably red compared to the normal-appearing left eye immediately after birth. Soon after discharge, epiphora was noticed from the right eye associated with mucopurulent discharge. At 2 weeks of age, the opinion was expressed that the conjunctival redness of the right eye would improve on its own. The redness persisted and suspected conjunctivitis was treated (Source: Journal of Pediatric ...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: David S. Walton, MD Source Type: research

Treatment of Small Angle Hypertropia With Inferior Oblique Overaction
The treatment of small angle hypertropia in the primary position with inferior oblique overaction is often a dilemma for pediatric ophthalmologists. Some patients have a face turn and diplopia in the primary position as well as in side gaze. Prisms are often unsatisfactory because of incomitance. Alternatively, vertical strabismus surgery or standard inferior oblique weakening procedures may cause an overcorrection. In this issue, Yang et al. reported an alternative procedure for the treatment of inferior oblique overaction with small angle hypertropia. I was impressed with their pilot study (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Leonard B. Nelson, MD, MBA Source Type: research

Management of Dissociated Vertical Deviation
Nelson: We're going to discuss management of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). Let's start with a simple question. How do you measure DVD? Olitsky: I think there are two ways that I tend to do it. One is an arbitrary scale of +1 through +4. I assume that we all have our own way of using that method. The other is to measure prism deviation with a cover test when I want a specific number. So it depends on what I anticipate my treatment is going to be as to which type of data I want to collect. Wang: I do the same as Dr. Olitsky. I don't really quantitate it or measure it with prism bars. I (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dawn N. Duss, MD Source Type: research

2017 Reviewers
In addition to the Editorial Board members of the Journal, the following individuals have acted as reviewers for manuscripts submitted during the past year. We would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their time and efforts in reviewing these manuscripts. Individuals interested in joining the Review Panel should contact the editorial office. Christiane E. Al-HaddadOzgul AltintasBegona AristimunoRobert W. ArnoldDarron BacalGenie M. BangRakesh K. BansalHikmet BasmakNader H. BayoumiAmit BhattBrenda BohnsackTara BraggDonna D. BrownMiles J. BurkeBienvenido V. CastilloR. V. Paul (Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthal...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: TBD Source Type: research

Erratum for “Comparison of Minimally Invasive Strabismus (MISS) and Conventional Strabismus Surgery Using the Limbal Approach”
The article “Comparison of Minimally Invasive Strabismus Surgery (MISS) and Conventional Strabismus Surgery Using the Limbal Approach,” which was published in the July/August 2017 issue of the Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology& Strabismus (volume 54, number 4, pp. 208 –215), has been amended to include a factual correction. An error was identified subsequent to its original printing. On page 208, the author name “Vishaal Bhambhawani” should be “Vishaal Bhambhwani.” This error was acknowledged on page 68, volume 55, issue 1. The online article and its er ratum are considered the version of (Source: Journal of...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: TBD Source Type: research

Pediatric Infectious Endophthalmitis: A Case Series
We wish to share the results of a case series on pediatric endophthalmitis. Because this is not a common entity, it is our hope that this short review will serve to highlight the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric endophthalmitis. During the 11-year retrospective study period, 7 eyes were identified. Of these cases, open globe injuries were the most common etiology of endophthalmitis (3 of 7 eyes, 1 intraocular foreign body). This result is similar to those reported in the literature. Thordsen et al.1 collected data from 1995 to 2005 and their results revealed that 44% of (Source: Journal of Pediatric O...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - January 30, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Christine Clavell, MD Source Type: research

Critical Assessment of an Ocular Photoscreener
Amblyopia is categorized as a neurologic defect in vision that has a 1.6% to 3.6% prevalence in the general population.1,2 The World Health Organization classifies amblyopia as a disorder that meets screening criteria based on the benefits and affordability of its treatment.1 The American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force also recommend careful evaluation of the visual system in young children.3 –5 Although no consensus exists on the preferred and most efficacious screening protocol,6 deliberate screening in developed (Source: Journal of Pediatric ...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus - December 19, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Thomas Williams, BS Source Type: research