Epigenetic regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
Publication date: Available online 11 June 2015 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review Author(s): Kenji Hata Chondrocytes play an essential role in endochondral bone development, which is requisite for mammalian skeletal development. During endochondral bone development, chondrocytes undergo well-organized stages of sequential differentiation, including proliferation and hypertrophy, a process harmoniously modulated by various transcription factors. Epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, has recently emerged as an essential regulatory system for gene expression, not only in physiological condi...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - June 14, 2015 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Synthesis and modification of apatite nanoparticles for use in dental and medical applications
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2015 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review Author(s): Masahiro Okada , Takuya Matsumoto Synthesised hydroxyapatite (HAp) exhibits excellent biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for use as a hard tissue substitute material. Nanoscale-size effects and surface phenomena impart HAp nanoparticles with unique properties compared to the conventional-sized HAp ceramics. Modification of HAp is also important for regulating its physiochemical properties. In this review, methods of HAp synthesis and modification, and various applications of HAp nanoparticles for dental and medi...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - May 5, 2015 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Education on tobacco use interventions for undergraduate dental students
Publication date: Available online 11 April 2015 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review Author(s): Takashi Hanioka , Miki Ojima , Yoko Kawaguchi , Yukio Hirata , Hiroshi Ogawa , Daisuke Hinode , Nobuhiro Hanada , Eiji Inoshita Inadequate training for dental professionals hampers the implementation of tobacco use interventions for the improvement of dental practice and oral and overall health. To improve dental education regarding tobacco use prevention and cessation (DENTUPAC), we examined literature addressing previous efforts and experiences with this goal. The majority of studies, published in the US and Euro...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - May 4, 2015 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Ability of stem and progenitor cells in the dental pulp to form hard tissue
Publication date: Available online 18 April 2015 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review Author(s): Akihiro Hosoya , Hiroaki Nakamura Dental pulp has an important ability to form mineralized hard tissue in response to a variety of external stimuli. The formation of mineralized tissue within the pulp cavity has been widely examined in both clinical and animal studies. Despite these studies focusing on the phenomena of reparative dentin and dentin bridge formation, the mechanisms of their induction remain unknown. Recently, several morphological studies revealed that the source of cells for hard tissue formation is the d...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - May 4, 2015 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Innate immunity to Candida albicans
Publication date: Available online 17 January 2015 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review Author(s): Yusuke Kiyoura , Riyoko Tamai Candida albicans is not a pathogen in healthy individuals, but can cause severe systemic candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. C. albicans has various virulence factors and activates the innate immune system. Specifically, C. albicans induces proinflammatory cytokine production in various cell types via many receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). This microorganism also promotes phagocytosis via CLRs on macrophages. In a previous study, we f...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - January 27, 2015 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Angiotensin II and taste sensitivity
Publication date: Available online 25 November 2014 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review Author(s): Noriatsu Shigemura The sense of taste plays a major role in evaluating the quality of food components in the oral cavity. Sweet, salty, umami, sour and bitter taste are generally accepted as five basic taste qualities. Among them, salty taste is attractive to animals and influences sodium intake. Angiotensin II (ANG II) and aldosterone (ALDO, which is stimulated by ANG II) are key hormones that regulate sodium homeostasis and water balance. At the peripheral gustatory organs, it has been reported that ALDO increases th...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 25, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
How masticatory function and periodontal disease relate to senile dementia
This study reviews the research of dementia, a pathology for which numerous studies have found associations with masticatory function in the elderly. These issues are presently major problems in geriatric medical and welfare settings, and we discuss the prospects for future research into mastication. Dementia and masticatory function have been examined in a range of epidemiological and neuroscientific studies, and associations between the two have been reported. However, a causal relationship has not been satisfactorily established. Biochemical studies have also clarified the basis of the association between dementia and p...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 15, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Developing role of dental hygienists in Japan
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Takuo Ishii , Yoshinobu Maki , Soichiro Hirata In Japan, the profession of the dental hygienist was created at the behest of GHQ in 1948, and as such forms part of the occupation's contribution to public health against a backdrop of postwar politics. The law was revised seven years later, allowing dental hygienists to assist in dental practice, particularly at dental clinics/hospitals. The number of dental hygienists currently exceeds 100,000, which is greater than the number of both dentists and dental technicians. Th...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Exploring the possible applications of catechin (gel) for oral care of the elderly and disabled individuals
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Muneaki Tamura , Kuniyasu Ochiai The oral cavity contains more than hundreds of microbial species. An increase in the number of these microorganisms like high pathogenic potential species, such as cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria, and the change of microbial biota may result in, not only oral infection, but also systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis and aspiration pneumonia. It is very important to control the growth of these microorganisms and its biota just after oral cleaning in order to suppress ...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Antibacterial resin monomers based on quaternary ammonium and their benefits in restorative dentistry
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Satoshi Imazato , Ji-hua Chen , Sai Ma , Naomi Izutani , Fang Li Antibacterial resin monomers are unique molecules that provide dental resins with “bio-active function”, i.e. the ability to control bacterial infection. They have strong antibacterial activity when unpolymerized and also demonstrate contact inhibitory effects after being polymerized without releasing antibacterial components. Intensive research has been conducted on antibacterial monomers based on quaternary ammonium, such as methacryloyloxydodecyl...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
CCN2: A novel conductor in orchestration of orofacial tissue development and remodeling
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Akira Yamaguchi (Source: Japanese Dental Science Review)
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
CCN2 in orofacial tissue development and remodeling
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Satoshi Kubota CCN2 is one of the representative members of the CCN family, a group of proteins that orchestrate the extracellular signaling network. As anticipated by the original name, connective tissue growth factor, this molecule promotes the growth and development of mesenchymal tissues, including bone and cartilage. Indeed, CCN2 is required for the proper development of the orofacial region, which requirement is typically suggested by the frequent emergence of cleft palate in CCN2-null mice. The significant contrib...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periostin: A multifunctional matricellular protein refocused in dental science
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Keiji Moriyama (Source: Japanese Dental Science Review)
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periostin in dental science
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Issei Takayama , Akira Kudo In this mini-review, we focus on periostin, a matricellular protein that is preferentially expressed in cells such as fibroblastic cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and osteoblastic cells on the alveolar bone surfaces. Since the abnormal phenotypes of periostin-deficient mice in periodontal tissues have been reported over the last 5 years, we would like to summarize the action of this protein in the PDL, including our unpublished results. Following these results, we hypothesize the func...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
MR imaging diagnostic protocol for unilocular lesions of the jaw
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Japanese Dental Science Review, Volume 48, Issue 2 Author(s): Hironobu Konouchi , Yoshinobu Yanagi , Miki Hisatomi , Hidenobu Matsuzaki , Toshihiko Takenobu , Teruhisa Unetsubo , Jun-ichi Asaumi Ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT) are typical jawbone tumors. In addition, dentigerous cysts (DC) and radicular cysts are the most common cystic jawbone lesions, and simple bone cysts (SBC) are the most common jawbone pseudocysts. When these lesions are unilocular, it can be difficult to diagnose them by radiography. In recent years, adding magnetic resonance (...
Source: Japanese Dental Science Review - November 3, 2014 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
