International Journal of Toxicology 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.2014 ACT Annual Meeting Poster Presentations: 100 Series--General Toxicology
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Tags: Annual Meeting Poster Abstracts Source Type: research
Synergistic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Fatty Acids on Toxicity to Caco-2 Cells
This study evaluated the synergistic effects of ZnO NPs and palmitic acid (PA) or free fatty acids (FFAs) mixture (oleic/PA 2:1) on toxicity to human colon epithelial (Caco-2) cells. The ZnO NPs exposure concentration dependently induced cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells showing as reduced proliferation and activity measured by 3 different assays. PA exposure induced cytotoxicity, and coexposure to ZnO NPs and PA showed the largest cytotoxic effects. The presence of FFAs mixture did not affect the ZnO NPs-induced cytotoxicity. Filtration of freshly prepared suspension of NPs through a 0.45-µm pore size membrane significan...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cao, Y., Roursgaard, M., Kermanizadeh, A., Loft, S., Moller, P. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Oral Toxicity of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one in Rats
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), an insensitive explosive, was evaluated to assess potential environmental and human health effects. A 14-day oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted with NTO in polyethylene glycol -200 by gavage at doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg/kg-d. Body mass and food consumption decreased in males (2000 mg/kg-d), and testes mass was reduced at doses of 500 mg/kg-d and greater. Based on the findings in the 14-day study, a 90-day study was conducted at doses of 0, 30, 100, 315, or 1000 mg/kg-d NTO. There was no effect on food consumption, body mass, or neurobehavioral para...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Crouse, L. C. B., Lent, E. M., Leach, G. J. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Induction of Rhabdomyosarcoma by Embedded Military-Grade Tungsten/Nickel/Cobalt Not by Tungsten/Nickel/Iron in the B6C3F1 Mouse
In this study, we assessed the health effects of embedded fragments of 2 military-grade tungsten alloys, tungsten/nickel/cobalt and tungsten/nickel/iron, in the B6C3F1 mouse. Implantation of tungsten/nickel/cobalt pellets into the quadriceps muscle resulted in the formation of a rhabdomyosarcoma around the pellet. Conversely, implantation of tungsten/nickel/iron did not result in tumor formation. Unlike what was seen in the rat model, the tumors induced by the tungsten/nickel/cobalt did not exhibit aggressive growth patterns and did not metastasize. (Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Emond, C. A., Vergara, V. B., Lombardini, E. D., Mog, S. R., Kalinich, J. F. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Genotoxicity of Chemical Compounds Identification and Assessment by Yeast Cells Transformed With GFP Reporter Constructs Regulated by the PLM2 or DIN7 Promoter
Yeast cells transformed with high-copy number plasmids comprising a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding gene optimized for yeast under the control of the new DIN7 or PLM2 and the established RNR2 and RAD54 promoters were used to assess the genotoxic potential of chemical compounds. The activity of potential DNA-damaging agents was investigated by genotoxicity assays and by OxoPlate assay in the presence of various test compounds. The fluorescence signal generated by GFP in response to DNA damage was related to the different concentrations of analytes and the analyte-dependent GFP synthesis. The use of distinct DNA dam...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Bui, V. N., Nguyen, T. T. H., Bettarel, Y., Nguyen, T. H. T., Pham, T. L., Hoang, T. Y., Nguyen, V. T. T., Nghiem, N. M., Wolfl, S. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Utilization of the Ex Vivo LLNA: BrdU-ELISA to Distinguish the Sensitizers From Irritants in Respect of 3 End Points--Lymphocyte Proliferation, Ear Swelling, and Cytokine Profiles
In this study, we performed ex vivo local lymph node assay: bromodeoxyuridine-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LLNA: BrdU-ELISA) to compare the differences between irritation and sensitization potency of some chemicals in terms of the 3 end points: lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine profiles (interleukin 2 [IL-2], interferon- (IFN-), IL-4, IL-5, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]), and ear swelling. Different concentrations of the following well-known sensitizers and irritant chemicals were applied to mice: dinitrochlorobenzene, eugenol, isoeugenol, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and croton oil. Accordin...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Arancioglu, S., Ulker, O. C., Karakaya, A. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Assessment of 8-Methosypsoralen, Lomefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Pirfenidone phototoxicity in Long-Evans Rats
In this study, we validated an in vivo phototoxicity model using Long-Evans (LE) rats treated with 4 well-known phototoxic drugs, namely 8-methoxypsoralen, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, and pirfenidone. Daily macroscopic observations of skin and eyes, ophthalmological examinations 4 days after dosing, and blood sampling for toxicokinetics (TKs) were performed after exposure of treated animals to ultraviolet, and dose-dependent eye and/or skin reactions were noted for all compounds. Margins of safety were calculated when possible and correlated well with known relative phototoxicity of the 4 compounds. We conclude that the pr...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Adachi, T., Satou, Y., Satou, H., Shibata, H., Miwa, S., Iwase, Y., Yamamoto, T., Nishida, A., Masutomi, N. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Daily Application of Alprostadil Topical Cream (Vitaros) Does Not Impact Vaginal pH, Flora, or Histology in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys
In conclusion, repeated vaginal exposure to Vitaros did not alter the pH, microflora, or histology after 14 daily doses, supporting the safety of Vitaros transference to the female partner. (Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Meier-Davis, S. R., Debar, S., Siddoway, J., Rabe, M. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: Toxicity, Toxicokinetics, and Toxicogenomics Analysis After 13 Weeks of Oral Administration in Mice
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a prodrug of tenofovir that exhibits activity against HIV and hepatitis B. The goals of this study were to evaluate the molecular mechanism of TDF-induced toxicity in mice after 13 weeks of daily oral administration (50-1000 mg/kg) by correlating transcriptional changes with plasma drug levels and traditional toxicology end points. Plasma levels and systemic exposure of tenofovir increased less than dose proportionally and were similar on days 1 and 91. No overt toxicity was observed following the completion of TDF administration. The kidneys of TDF-treated mice were histopathological...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ng, H. H., Stock, H., Rausch, L., Bunin, D., Wang, A., Brill, S., Gow, J., Mirsalis, J. C. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research
Editor's Note
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - February 17, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Genter, M. B. Tags: Editor ' s Note Source Type: research
Safety Assessment of Nylon as Used in Cosmetics
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of nylon polymers, which function in cosmetics primarily as bulking and opacifying agents. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to these large polymers and determined that they are not likely to penetrate the skin. Whatever residual monomers may be present were not present at a sufficient level to cause any reactions in test subjects at the maximum ingredient use concentration. Accordingly, the Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration. (Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - January 7, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Burnett, C., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Andersen, F. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Safety Assessment of Tin(IV) Oxide as Used in Cosmetics
Tin(IV) oxide functions as an abrasive, bulking, and opacifying agent in cosmetic products and is used at concentrations up to 0.4% in rinse-off products and up to 1.3% in leave-on products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) noted that tin(IV) oxide is a water-insoluble inorganic metal compound and should not be percutaneously absorbed; therefore, systemic exposure is not likely. Studies of dermal application of tin(IV) oxide were considered to determine toxicity at the site of application. The Panel concluded that tin(IV) oxide is safe in the present practices of use and concentration. (Source: Internati...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - January 7, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Johnson, W., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Andersen, F. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Safety Assessment of PEGylated Oils as Used in Cosmetics
PEGylated oil is a terminology used to describe cosmetic ingredients that are the etherification and esterification products of glycerides and fatty acids with ethylene oxide. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) considered the safety of PEGylated oils, which function primarily as surfactants in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment and concluded that the 130 chemically related PEGylated oils were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating. (Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - January 7, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Burnett, C. L., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Andersen, F. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Safety Assessment of Animal- and Plant-Derived Amino Acids as Used in Cosmetics
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of animal- and plant-derived amino acid mixtures, which function as skin and hair conditioning agents. The safety of α-amino acids as direct food additives has been well established, based on extensive research through acute and chronic dietary exposures and the Panel previously has reviewed the safety of individual α-amino acids in cosmetics. The Panel focused its review on dermal irritation and sensitization data relevant to the use of these ingredients in topical cosmetics. The Panel concluded that these 21 ingredients are safe in the pr...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - January 7, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Burnett, C., Heldreth, B., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Andersen, F. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
2013-2014 Reviewer's List
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - December 30, 2014 Category: Toxicology Tags: Thank You to Our Ad Hoc Reviewers Source Type: research
