International Journal of Toxicology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Activation of p53 in Human and Murine Cells by DNA-Damaging Agents Differentially Regulates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Levels
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) can activate AhR-mediated transcription of target genes. Because DOX in cells activates a DNA damage response involving ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-mediated activation of p53, we investigated whether the activation of the p53 in cells by DNA-damaging agents such as DOX or bleomycin could regulate the AhR levels. Here we report that activation of p53 by DNA-damaging agents in human cells increased levels of AhR through a posttranscriptional mechanism. Accordingl...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - June 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Panchanathan, R., Liu, H., Choubey, D. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

A 4-Week Toxicity Study of Methionine in Male Rats
To examine 4-week toxicity of l-methionine (methionine), 5-week-old Fisher strain male rats were fed on diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 (w/w) of added methionine. Although no deaths were recorded, the highest dose of methionine (2.7% [w/w] of diet) reduced food intake and significantly suppressed growth rate. Growth suppression was characterized by an increase in hemolysis, splenic, and hepatic accumulation of hemosiderin, hemolytic anemia, and promotion of hematopoiesis. Other changes observed in the highest methionine intake group were a decrease in white blood cell count, thymus atrophy, and histological abnormal...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - June 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chin, K., Toue, S., Kawamata, Y., Watanabe, A., Miwa, T., Smriga, M., Sakai, R. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Paraoxonase Activity as a Marker of Exposure to Xenobiotics in Tobacco Smoke
The paraoxonase (PON) family is composed of 3 proteins (PON1, PON2, and PON3), each of which plays a crucial role in the body, displaying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherosclerotic properties. The activities and properties of PON proteins can be modulated by a number of environmental factors, including cigarette smoke. In the present article, a review of existing literature is employed to analyze both the direct and the indirect impact of cigarette smoking on the activity of members of the PON family. Cigarette smoking leads to direct inhibition of the hydrolytic activity of PON enzymes by modification of thio...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - June 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Milnerowicz, H., Kowalska, K., Socha, E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Editor's Note
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - June 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Tags: Editor ' s Note Source Type: research

Book Review: Dictionary of Toxicology
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Genter, M. B. Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Book Review: Biomarkers in Toxicology
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Budny, J. A. Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Book Review: Histological Techniques. An Introduction for Beginners in Toxicology
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ochoa, R. Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Deficiency of BPOZ2 Decreases Liver Fibrosis After Chronic Carbon Tetrachloride Administration in Mice
In this study, we investigated the role of BPOZ2 in the process of liver fibrosis induced by chronic CCl4 treatment. The results indicate that BPOZ2 deficiency decreases sustained activation of hepatic stellate cells, attenuates collagen αI(I) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 1 expression, and decreases liver fibrosis after repeated CCl4 administration. These findings suggest BPOZ2 as a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease. (Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang, F., Dang, S., Shu, R., Xiang, Y., Kuang, Y., Fei, J., Wang, Z. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Effects of Air Pollution-Related Heavy Metals on the Viability and Inflammatory Responses of Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Various metals produced from human activity are ubiquitously detected in ambient air. The metals may lead to induction and/or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, but the significant metals and factors contributing to such diseases have not been identified. To compare the effects of each metal and different oxidation states of metals on human airway, we examined the viability and production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 using BEAS-2B cell line, derived from human airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells were exposed to Mn2+, V4+, V5+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ at a concentration of 0.5, 5, 50, or 500 μm...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Honda, A., Tsuji, K., Matsuda, Y., Hayashi, T., Fukushima, W., Sawahara, T., Kudo, H., Murayama, R., Takano, H. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Cytotoxicity of Chronic Exposure to 4 Cigarette Smoke Condensates in 2 Cell Lines
This study demonstrates that CSCs cause cytotoxicity and induce transformation related to cell resistance and cell invasion properties. (Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wang, H., Word, B., Lyn-Cook, L., Yang, M., Hammons, G., Lyn-Cook, B. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Toxicological and Genotoxicity Assessment of a Dihydroquercetin-Rich Dahurian Larch Tree (Larix gmelinii Rupr) Extract (Lavitol)
Safety assessment is reported of an orally ingested dihydroquercetin-rich extract (Lavitol) derived from the Dahurian larch tree, used as a food additive and as a dietary supplement ingredient. Dihydroquercetin, a potent antioxidant, is also known as taxifolin. The results of genotoxicity and toxicological tests (Comet assay, micronucleus test in human lymphocytes, chromosomal aberration test, subacute 7-day oral toxicity study, subchronic 90-day toxicology study with histopathologies, and, prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicity studies) on the extract provide further support for the safety of its consumption as a f...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Schauss, A. G., Tselyico, S. S., Kuznetsova, V. A., Yegorova, I. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Integrated Approach to Early Detection of Cardiovascular Toxicity Induced by a Ghrelin Receptor Agonist
Cardiovascular (CV) safety concerns are among the leading causes of compound attrition in drug development. This work describes a strategy of applying novel end points to a 7-day rodent study to increase the opportunity to detect and characterize CV injury observed in a longer term (ie, 28 days) study. Using a ghrelin receptor agonist (GSK894281), a compound that produces myocardial degeneration/necrosis in rats after 28 days at doses of 0.3, 1, 10, or 60 mg/kg/d, we dosed rats across a range of similar doses (0, 0.3, 60, or 150 mg/kg/d) for 7 days to determine whether CV toxicity could be detected in a shorter study. End ...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Stokes, A. H., Falls, J. G., Yoon, L., Cariello, N., Faiola, B., Colton, H. M., Jordan, H. L., Berridge, B. R. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Long-Term (24 Months) Carcinogenicity Study of D-004, a Lipid Extract From Roystonea regia Fruits, in Sprague Dawley Rats
(Source: International Journal of Toxicology)
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gutierrez, A., Gamez, R., Noa, M., Mas, R., Valle, M., Mendoza, N., Nodal, C., Perez, Y., Oyarzabal, A., Bucarano, I., Goicochea, E., Jimenez, S., Garcia, H. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

Preclinical Studies on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Toxicology of Oxfendazole: Toward First in Human Studies
A 2-week study in rats identified target organs of oxfendazole toxicity to be bone marrow, epididymis, liver, spleen, testis, and thymus. Female rats had greater oxfendazole exposure and exhibited toxicities at lower doses than did males. Decreased white blood cell levels, a class effect of benzimidazole anthelmintics, returned to normal during the recovery period. The no observed adverse effect level was determined to be >5 but <25 mg/kg/d and the maximum tolerated dose 100 mg/kg/d. The highest dose, 200 mg/kg/d, resulted in significant toxicity and mortality, leading to euthanization of the main study animals in th...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Codd, E. E., Ng, H. H., McFarlane, C., Riccio, E. S., Doppalapudi, R., Mirsalis, J. C., Horton, R. J., Gonzalez, A. E., Garcia, H. H., Gilman, R. H., For the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

A Human Fetal Prostate Xenograft Model of Developmental Estrogenization
This study utilizes a human fetal prostate xenograft model to study the role of estrogen in the progression of human disease. Histopathological lesions were assessed in 7-, 30-, 90-, 200-, and 400-day human prostate xenografts. Gene expression for cell cycle, tumor suppressors, and apoptosis-related genes (ie, CDKN1A, CASP9, ESR2, PTEN, and TP53) was performed for 200-day estrogen-treated xenografts. Glandular hyperplasia was observed in xenografts given both an initial and secondary exposure to estradiol in both 200- and 400-day xenografts. Persistent estrogenic effects were verified using immunohistochemical markers for ...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - April 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Saffarini, C. M., McDonnell-Clark, E. V., Amin, A., Boekelheide, K. Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research