International Journal of STD and AIDS This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its correlation with CD4 count in newly-diagnosed HIV-positive adults - a cross-sectional study
Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in HIV-positive patients is reported to be high in those with severe immune deficiency. However, there is paucity of literature in newly-diagnosed HIV-positive population. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and study its correlation with CD4 count in this population. In this cross-sectional study, patients presenting to the antiretroviral therapy clinic were screened with thyroid function tests, including thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels at the time of diagnosis. Two hundred and...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Dev, N., Sahoo, R., Kulshreshtha, B., Gadpayle, A. K., Sharma, S. C. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Interferon-gamma gene polymorphism influences the frequency of a Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection in young women
Cervicitis associated with Chlamydia trachomatis is frequent worldwide, but the factors determining susceptibility to infection remain incompletely determined. We evaluated whether a functional single nucleotide polymorphism at position +874 in the gene coding for interferon gamma (rs2430561) influenced the likelihood of having a cervical C. trachomatis infection. This was a cross-sectional study of 142 sexually-active women attending a general gynaecology service on the outskirts of the city of Fortaleza in northeastern Brazil between August 2011 and August 2012. Endocervical swabs were evaluated for C. trachomatis DNA us...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Eleuterio, J., Teles, R. A., Linhares, I. M., Normand, N., Witkin, S. S. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Virologic suppression among HIV-infected US Air Force members in a highly-structured programme with free access to care
The United States Air Force HIV programme has several features that may enhance antiretroviral therapy outcomes, including free access to healthcare and mandatory clinical visits every six months at a single centre. We evaluated viral load suppression (<50 copies/ml) after 12 months of initial antiretroviral therapy, with extension to 18 and 24 months. Active duty Air Force members were categorised by year of antiretroviral therapy initiation: 2000–2005 (n = 95, 36.1%) and 2006–2011 (n = 168, 63.9%). The median months from HIV diagnosis to initial antiretroviral therapy were shorter in the 2000–2005 gr...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Matthews, P., Le, T., Delmar, J., Okulicz, J. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Cervical screening in HIV-positive women in the East of England: recent CD4 as the predictive risk factor
This study examines the relationship between CD4 count and cervical cytological abnormality in HIV-positive women attending two district general hospital genitourinary medicine clinics in the East of England. It aims to determine whether the rate of cervical cytological abnormalities differs in HIV-positive women with CD4 count >350 cells/µl and those with CD4 count ≤350 cells/µl; and to compare the rates of abnormalities with that of the general population. We retrospectively reviewed data from a cross-sectional audit undertaken between December 2010 and December 2011 and analysed them using multivariabl...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Davies, O., Rajamanoharan, S., Balachandran, T. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Desire to father a child and condom use: a study of young black men at risk of sexually transmitted infections
To determine whether men’s reported desire to father a child or their perception that someone wanted to have their child was associated with elevated rates of unprotected vaginal sex, we studied a sample of young Black men at high risk of sexually transmitted infection acquisition. Data were collected in clinics treating sexually transmitted infections in three southern U.S. cities. Men 15–23 years of age who identified as Black/African American and reported recent (past two months) penile–vaginal sex were eligible (N = 578). Logistic regression was used to examine whether desire to conceive a child (self...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Crosby, R. A., Graham, C. A., Milhausen, R. R., Sanders, S. A., Yarber, W. L., Salazar, L. F., Terrell, I., Pasternak, R. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Correlates of prevalent HIV infection among adults and adolescents in the Kisumu incidence cohort study, Kisumu, Kenya
We estimated HIV prevalence and identified correlates of HIV infection among 1106 men and women aged 16–34 years residing in Kisumu, Kenya. Demographic, sexual, and other behavioural data were collected using audio computer-assisted self-interview in conjunction with a medical examination, real-time parallel rapid HIV testing, and laboratory testing for pregnancy, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with prevalent HIV infection by gender. Overall HIV prevalence was 12.1%. HIV prevalence among women (17.1%) was app...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Gumbe, A., McLellan-Lemal, E., Gust, D. A., Pals, S. L., Gray, K. M., Ndivo, R., Chen, R. T., Mills, L. A., Thomas, T. K., for the KICoS Study Team Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

High rates of baseline antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in an HIV referral centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
In order to understand antiretroviral resistance during pregnancy and its impact on HIV vertical transmission, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 231 HIV-infected pregnant women who fulfilled Brazilian guidelines for antiretroviral testing and had antiretroviral genotypic testing performed between April 2010 and October 2012. At entry into prenatal care, the mean CD4 cell count for this cohort of patients was 406 cells/mm3 (95% CI: 373–438 cells/mm3), while the mean HIV RNA was 24,394 copies/ml (95% CI: 18,275–30,513 copies/ml). Thirty-six women (16%) had detectable antiretroviral-resistant mutations. B...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: de Lourdes Teixeira, M., Nafea, S., Yeganeh, N., Santos, E., Isabel Gouvea, M., Joao, E., Ceci, L., Bressan, C., Leticia Cruz, M., Claude Sidi, L., Nielsen-Saines, K. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Acute kidney injury among HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit
We describe the incidence, associations and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We retrospectively analysed 223 admissions to an inner-London, University-affiliated ICU between 1999 and 2012, and identified those with AKI and performed multivariate analysis to determine associations with AKI. Of all admissions, 66% were affected by AKI of any severity and 35% developed stage 3 AKI. In multivariate analysis, AKI was associated with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR] = 3.19; p = 0.014), a previous AIDS-defining illness (OR = 1.93; p = 0.039) and th...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Randall, D., Brima, N., Walker, D., Connolly, J., Laing, C., Copas, A., Edwards, S., Batson, S., Miller, R. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis relapse after an eight-year delay: an interplay of infection and immune reconstitution
We report a case of a symptomatic relapse of HIV-related cryptococcal meningoencephalitis eight years after the first diagnosis on the background of immune reconstitution. The findings as well as the clinical course suggests a combination of smouldering localised infection and enhanced inflammatory reaction related to immune restoration due to antiretroviral therapy. A combination of antifungal and anti-inflammatory therapy resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. Our case challenges the concept that immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and microbiological relapse are dichotomous entities. (Source: Interna...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Katchanov, J., Blechschmidt, C., Nielsen, K., Branding, G., Arasteh, K., Tintelnot, K., Meintjes, G., Boulware, D. R., Stocker, H. Tags: Case reports Source Type: research

Human herpes virus-8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease in an HIV-positive patient presenting with relapsing and remitting hyponatraemia
We report a case of human herpes virus-8-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease in an HIV-positive patient with hyponatraemia. A 65-year-old man was admitted with relapsing and remitting fever, scattered skin eruptions and hepatosplenomegaly following combination antiretroviral therapy for his HIV infection. Based on histopathological findings, he was diagnosed as having human herpes virus-8-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease and was treated with four-weekly infusions of rituximab. Prior to receiving chemotherapy, we observed several suspected biomarkers of disease activity, positive correlations ...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sasaki, H., Maeda, T., Hara, Y., Osa, M., Imai, K., Moriguchi, K., Mikita, K., Fujikura, Y., Kaida, K., Kawana, A. Tags: Case reports Source Type: research

Identification and characteristics of vulnerable adults attending an inner city sexual health service
Adult safeguarding is the function of protecting vulnerable adults from abuse or neglect. The 2012 Department of Health Draft Care and Support Bill highlighted adult safeguarding as a key government priority and stated that a clear framework is required for organisations dealing with ‘adults at risk’. Adults at risk present to sexual health services but no formal guidance currently exists to aid their identification and management in this setting. We conducted a retrospective case note review which identified that vulnerable adults attend our service. They may display recognised risk factors, awareness of which...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sullivan, V., Cheserem, E., Milne, C., Hopkins, M., Lock, E., Hamlyn, E. Tags: Audit report Source Type: research

A farewell to didanosine: harm reduction and cost savings by eliminating use of didanosine
Didanosine (ddI) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor associated with adverse events and public health concerns which have diminished its place in HIV clinical practice, particularly in resource-rich settings. While international guidelines do not contain ddI-containing regimens in preferred first- or second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is no guidance for management of patients currently on ddI. In 2012 at least 20 countries purchased a total of $1–2 million of ddI. Drug purchase data in that year show 3.2–10.3 times higher costs for ddI compared to lamivudine (3TC). Given issues of multi...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Dziuban, E. J., Raizes, E., Koumans, E. H. Tags: Miscellaneous paper Source Type: research

Human papillomavirus knowledge, vaccine acceptance, and vaccine series completion among female entertainment and sex workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: the Young Women's Health Study
Human papillomavirus is a common sexually transmitted infection and the causative agent for cervical cancer, a frequently occurring malignant disease among women in developing countries. We assessed human papillomavirus awareness prior to the delivery of a brief information and education intervention, and human papillomavirus vaccine provision to female entertainment and sex workers (N = 220). At baseline, only 23.6% of women had heard of human papillomavirus. Following the educational intervention, 90% answered all the human papillomavirus knowledge questions correctly. Of 192 participants attending the first quarterly co...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Wadhera, P., Evans, J. L., Stein, E., Gandhi, M., Couture, M.-C., Sansothy, N., Sichan, K., Maher, L., Kaldor, J., Page, K., on behalf of the YWHS Collaborative, Kaldor, J., Kien, S. P., Page, K., Palefsky, J. M., Saphonn, V., Vun, M. C. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Race/ethnicity, sexual partnerships with men involved with drugs, and sexually transmitted infections among a sample of urban young adult women
In many urban neighbourhoods in the United States, drug markets borne from disadvantage have produced risk for sexually transmitted infections through altered sexual norms and partnerships. Presently, we examined the association of race, sexual partnerships with men involved with drugs, and self-reported sexually transmitted infections among 240 African American and white women aged 18–30 years. Thirty seven per cent reported ever having a sexually transmitted infection. Almost 30% of Whites reported sex with a drug user, compared to 5% of African Americans. Fifty eight per cent of African Americans compared to 31% o...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Campbell, L. F., Brown, Q., Cavanaugh, C., Lawson, A. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research

Transactional sex and prevalence of STIs: a cross-sectional study of MSM and transwomen screened for an HIV prevention trial
Few studies have characterised the degree of engagement in transactional sex among men and transgender women who have sex with men and explored its association with sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus in Ecuador. We screened 642 men who have sex with men and transgender women for a pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trial (iPrEx) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2007–2009. We analysed the association of degree of engagement in transactional sex and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus using chi-square and analysis of variance tests. Although just 6.2% ...
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS - October 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Solomon, M. M., Nurena, C. R., Tanur, J. M., Montoya, O., Grant, R. M., McConnell, J. Tags: Original research articles Source Type: research