Amalgamation and application of nano chitosan cross-linked with fish scales based activated carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of reactive dye (RB9)
The extensive discomfort in the expulsion of toxic pollutants even at mild concentrations has demanded the need for prompt methods for the evacuation of dyes and heavy metals. The effective method for depuration of dye from the effluent is by sorption. Chitosan is a bio-polymer which is gaining an increasing interest as one of the sorbents. It was obtained from the crab shells by undergoing several chemical processes and used as an adsorbent for dye, metal removal and also for pharmaceutical purposes. Cross linking it with other co polymers will increase the capacity of adsorption to a maximum level. Fish scales are consid...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 29, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Unique morphology and mechanical property of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) fish skin
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) fish skin is an excellent natural material with remarkable mechanical properties owing to the unique structures of the helical stacking fibres. In this work, the authors studied the potential role of the sturgeon fish skin in the protective function through testing and analysed the structural features and mechanical properties of the stratum compactum in the fish skin. Scanning electron microscopy images of the sturgeon fish skin revealed that the skin was primarily composed of the stratum compactum. The stratum compactum was characterised by the helically arranged fibre structures and...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 29, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Rapid removal of lead(II) ions from water using iron oxide–tea waste nanocomposite – a kinetic study
In this study, facile synthesis of magnetic iron oxide–tea waste nanocomposite is reported for adsorptive removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions and easy magnetic separation of the adsorbent afterwards. The samples were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Braunner–Emmet–Teller nitrogen adsorption study. Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was followed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. About 95% Pb(II) ion removal is achieved with the magnetic tea waste within 10 min....
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 29, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Development of tamoxifen-loaded surface-modified nanostructured lipid carrier using experimental design: in vitro and ex vivo characterisation
The present study aimed to develop a surface-modified biocompatible nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) system using polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (POE-40-S) to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble Biopharmaceutics Classification System class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX). Also aimed to screen the most influential factors affecting the particle size (PS) using Taguchi (L12 (211)) orthogonal array design (TgL12OA). Then, to optimize the TMX loaded POE-40-S (P) surface-modified NLCs (TMX-loaded-PEG-40-S coated NLC (PNLCs) or PNLCs) by central composite design (CCD) using a four-factor, five-level model. Th...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 29, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Promising opportunities and potential risk of nanoparticle on the society
The ever-promising opportunities and the uses of NP in our life are increasing but their present and future potential risks on the animals, plants and microorganisms are not well discussed elsewhere. In this review, the authors have systematically discussed the toxic effect of the uses of NP on animals, plants and microorganisms including human health. They have also discussed about the bioaccumulation of these NP in the food chain. Finally, they have provided some possible suggestions for the uses of NP to reduce the detrimental effect on the environment. (Source: IET Nanobiotechnology)
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 29, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Bacteriocin-capped silver nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against food pathogens
This study, therefore, recommends the use of bacteriocin-capped nanoparticles as food preservatives to control the growth of food spoiling bacteria. (Source: IET Nanobiotechnology)
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Method for enhancing bioavailability of myricetin based on self-assembly of casein–myricetin nanomicelles
In order to expand the application in the medical field and enhance pharmacological effects, casein–myricetin nanomicelles were prepared by the self-assembly method and characterised by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The parameters in self-assembly were optimised according to the factors of particle size, encapsulation yield, and drug loading. The result showed a pH of 5.5, a casein concentration of 2 mg/ml, a mass ratio of casein to myricetin of 8:1, ultrasonic power of 300 W, ultrasonic time of 5 min and ethanol volume of 7 ml were t...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Unveiling the cytotoxicity of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaves against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extract is a cheap, easily accessible and natural process in which the phyto-constituents of the plants act as capping, stabilising and reducing agent. The present study explored the biosynthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia and characterised via various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction. Here, TEM confirmed the spherical morphology with 25–50 nm size of synthesised AgNPs. Further, antic...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Facile synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles and its synergistic effect on breast cancer cell lines
This study reports a green methodology developed for the synthesis of anisotropic AuNPs. The aqueous extracts of Alternanthera sessilis (PGK), Portulaca oleracea (PAK) and Sterculia foetida (SF) with gold ions produced violet, purple and pink coloured AuNPs, respectively, under sonication and room temperature methods revealing the formation of different shapes of AuNPs. The results of TEM analysis of AuNPs confirmed the formation of triangular plate AuNPs of the size 35 nm for PAK extract. Spherical-shaped AuNPs (10–20 nm) were obtained using an extract of PGK. SF extract produced rod, hexagon, pentago...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Targeting microbial biofilms: by Arctium lappa l. synthesised biocompatible CeO2-NPs encapsulated in nano-chitosan
This study is planned to synthesise new biocompatible, nano antimicrobial formulation against biofilm producing strains. Aqueous root extract of Arctium lappa l. was used to synthesise ceria nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs). The synthesised nanoparticles were encapsulated with nano-chitosan by sol–gel method and characterised using standard techniques. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer of Arctium lappa l. revealed the presence of ethanol, acetone, 1- propanol, 2-methylethane, 1,1-di-ethoxy, 1-Butanol, and oleic acid acted as reducing and surface stabilising agents for tailoring morphology of CeO2-NPs. Erythrocyte integri...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
In silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the bioactivity of Cassia auriculata L extracts
The present study is an attempt to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in silico anticancer potentials of the plant Cassia auriculata (CA). The aerial parts of CA were subjected to solvent extraction, and the extracts were fractionised by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis for its phytochemical content. The antiinflammatory activity of the extracts were confirmed by the IC50 value of 125.02 µg/ml for red blood cell membrane stabilisation and 195.7 µg/ml for inhibition of protein denaturation activity. The interaction of bioactive compounds of CA ethanol extract with target pro...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Ferulic acid-loaded collagen hydrolysate and polycaprolactone nanofibres for tissue engineering applications
There is a great need for the progress of composite biomaterials, which are effective for tissue engineering applications. In this work, the development of composite electrospun nanofibres based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen hydrolysate (CH) loaded with ferulic acid (FA) for the treatment of chronic wounds. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to nanofibres factor manufacturing assisted by electrospinning. For wound healing applications, the authors have created the efficacy of CH, and PCL membranes can act as a stable, protective cover for wound, enabling continuous FA release. The findings of the ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Comprehensive analysis of retroreflection in Papilio crino Fabricius, 1792 wings
Multilayer thin-film structures in the wings of a butterfly; Papilio crino produce a colourful iridescence from reflected light. In this investigation, scanning electron microscope images show both the concave cover scales and pigmented air-chamber ground scales. The microstructures with the concavities retroreflect incident light, thus causing the double reflection. This gives rise to both the colour mixing and polarisation conversion clearly depicted in the optical images. The result of the numerical and theoretical analysis via the CIELAB, and optical reflection and transmission of light through the multilayer stacks wi...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Preparation and characterisation of silica-based nanoparticles for cisplatin release on cancer brain cells
In the present work, the preparation, characterisation, and efficiency of two different silica nanostructures as release vehicles of Cisplatin are reported. The 1-hexadeciltrimethyl-ammonium bromide templating agent was used to obtain mesoporous silica nanoparticles which were later loaded with Cisplatin. While sol–gel silica was very fast prepared using an excess of acetic acid during the hydrolysis–condensation reactions of tetraethylorthosilicate and at the same time the Cisplatin was added. Several physicochemical techniques including spectroscopies, electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
RNA secondary structured logic gates for profiling the microRNA cancer biomarkers
In this study, the authors proposed the multi-input liver cancer biosensor with the RNA secondary structure motifs as the computational module and two approaches are suggested. (Source: IET Nanobiotechnology)
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 1, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
