Encoding scheme for data storage and retrieval on DNA computers
There has been exponential growth in the amount of data being generated on a daily basis. Such a huge amount of data creates a need for efficient data storage techniques. Due to the limitations of existing storage media, new storage solutions have always been of interest. There have been recent developments in order to efficiently use synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for information storage. DNA storage has attracted researchers because of its extremely high data storage density, about 1 exabyte/mm3 and long life under easily achievable conditions. This work presents an encoding scheme for DNA-based data storage syste...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Synthesis, radiolabelling, and biological assessment of folic acid-conjugated G-3 99mTc-dendrimer as the breast cancer molecular imaging agent
In conclusion, the authors’ study documented the positive aspects of PEG-citrate dendrimer conjugated with folic acid as the SPECT contrast agent for breast cancer detection. (Source: IET Nanobiotechnology)
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Synthesised magnetic nano-zeolite as a mycotoxins binder to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol in barley
Agricultural commodities, particularly cereals can be contaminated with mycotoxins during the pre- and post-harvest stage. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic zeolite nanocomposite (MZNC) as an adsorbent for the reduction of mycotoxins in barley flour. The MZNC is synthesised using an eco-friendly and efficient procedure and characterised by zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The adsorbent amount that affects the adsorption capacity was optimised. Low amounts of the nanocomposite removed>99% of aflatoxins, 50% of ochratoxin...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Magnetically responsive, sorafenib loaded alginate microspheres for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
This study aimed to develop sorafenib loaded magnetic microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesised and encapsulated in alginate microspheres together with an antineoplastic agent, sorafenib. In the study, firstly SPIONs were synthesised and characterised by dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, alginate-SPIONs microspheres were developed, and further characterised by electron spin resonance spectrometer and vibrating sample magnetometer. Besides the magn...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Router design for nano-communication using actin quantum cellular automata
Logic expressions can be designed from actin filaments. It is a protein that makes the cellular structure and plays an important role in intracellular communication. Nano communication technique has been established using actin cellular automata. Among several rules, (1, 30) and (4, 27) rules have been used to design 2 to 1 multiplexer, 4 to 1 multiplexer, 1 to 2 demultiplexer and 1 to 4 demultiplexer. Router or data selector has been made of using multiplexer and demultiplexer. Three novel circuits such as multiplexer, demultiplexer and nano-router have been designed using the projected mechanism. The primary focus of thi...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Effect of receiver shape and volume on the Alzheimer disease for molecular communication via diffusion
In this study, an MC-based system was analysed with different receiver topology and related parameters, such as size, shape, and orientation of receptors on the receiver. Also in the concept of nano-medicine, the effect of amyloid-beta (${rm A}_beta $Aβ), which is believed as the main cause of Alzheimer disease, on the successful reception ratio of molecules with the proposed receiver models was investigated. It was demonstrated that the cubic receiver model is superior to sphere one in terms of the correct reception ratio of the molecular signal. A cubic model where its edge (not rotated around the centre) is placed...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Synthesis of surfactant-modified ZIF-8 with controllable microstructures and their drug loading and sustained release behaviour
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as drug carriers have many advantages than traditional drug carriers and have received extensive attention from researchers. However, how to regulate the microstructure of MOFs to improve the efficiency of drug delivery and sustained release behaviour is still a big problem for the clinical application. Herein, the authors synthesise surfactant-modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles with different microstructures by using different types of surfactants to modify ZIF-8. The surfactant-modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles have the larger specific surface area and total micropore volumes than the original ZIF-8,...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Facile synthesis and application of cellulosic coagulant from banana peels in cadmium-spiked water
Cellulosic coagulant with low crystallinity and surface charge of −19.2 mV were extracted from wet banana peels (WBE) using kitchen-blending method. Functionalization with ferric chloride and aluminium chloride yielded higher surface charge of −23.8 mV (mWBE). Both WBE and mWBE coagulants were used to target cadmium ions from aqueous solution. Coagulants and the floccules (WBEA and mWBEA) were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, zeta sizer nano series, and SEM/EDs. The amount of cadmium ion coagulated was determined using ICP-OES. The FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups involved in the coordin...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
CAD/CAM scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: investigation of biocompatibility of selective laser melted lightweight titanium
The objective of the current in-vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new type of CAD/CAM scaffold for bone tissue engineering by using human cells. Porous lightweight titanium scaffolds and Bio-Oss® scaffolds as well as their eluates were used for incubation with human osteoblasts, fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells. The cell viability was assessed by using fluorescein diazo-acetate propidium iodide staining. Cell proliferation and metabolism was examined by using MTT-, WST-Test and BrdU-ELISA tests. Scanning electron microscope was used for investigation of the cell adhesion behaviour. The number of ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Transcriptomic changes in green bean pods against grey mould and white rot diseases via field application of chemical elicitor nanoparticles
The authors tested the efficacy of two salt nanoparticles (NPs), namely, copper dioxide (CuO) and tri-calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] to induce resistance in green bean pods against grey mould and white rot diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, respectively. High amounts of phytoalexins, kievitone, coumestrol, phaseollidin, 6-ά-hydroxyphaseollin, and phaseollin, were detected in naturally infected and artificially inoculated green bean pods in response to the tested NPs. Green bean plants treated in the field with CuO and Ca3(PO4)2 NPs had the highest mRNA quantity of all the studied defence...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Highly selective sensor for the detection of Hg2+ ions using homocysteine functionalised quartz crystal microbalance with cross-linked pyridinedicarboxylic acid
This study reports an insightful portable vector network analyser (VNA)-based measurement technique for quick and selective detection of Hg2+ ions in nanomolar (nM) range using homocysteine (HCys)-functionalised quartz-crystal-microbalance (QCM) with cross-linked-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDCA). The excessive exposure to mercury can cause damage to many human organs, such as the brain, lungs, stomach, and kidneys, etc. Hence, the authors have proposed a portable experimental platform capable of achieving the detection in 20–30 min with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.1 ppb (0.498 nM) and a better ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
High yield gold nanoparticle-based DNA isolation method for human papillomaviruses genotypes from cervical cancer tissue samples
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly used in biosensors of various kinds. However, its application to extract DNA from cancer tissues has not been extensively studied. The purification of DNA from cancer tissues is an important step in diagnostic and therapeutic development. Almost, all cervical cancer cases are associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Accurate viral diagnosis has so far relied on the extraction of adequate amounts of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Till now, no specific and sensitive DNA purification method has been introduced for the extracti...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Biologically-synthesised ZnO/CuO/Ag nanocomposite using propolis extract and coated on the gauze for wound healing applications
In this study, four metallic nanoparticles (NPs) with propolis extract (Ext) and one without propolis including ZnO/Ext, ZnO/Ag/Ext, ZnO/CuO/Ext, ZnO/Ag/CuO/Ext and ZnO/W were prepared by microwave method and assessed for their wound healing activity on excision experimental model of wounds in rats. The developed nanocomposites have been characterised by physico-chemical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The wounded animals trea...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Surface-functionalised hybrid nanoparticles for targeted treatment of cancer
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the great advancement in understanding the pharmacology and biology of cancer, it still signifies one of the most serious human-health related problems. The current treatments for cancer may include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but these procedures have several limitations. Current studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Developing nanosystems that allow lower doses of therapeutic agents, as well as their selective release in tumour cells, may resolve the challenges of targeted cancer therapy. In this...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - October 6, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Recyclable adsorbents based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles on lanthanum-modified montmorillonite for the efficient phosphate removal
Montmorillonite (MMT) clay modified with lanthanum (La) ions and Fe3O4 nanoparticles was proposed for the effective removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution. Characterisation of the adsorbent using FTIR, SEM, XRD, XPS, XRF, BET and VSM techniques were carried out. The effects of initial phosphate concentration, contact time, dosage and pH on the phosphorus adsorption were investigated. La-MMT/Fe3O4 exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity of up to 14.35 mg/g, with 97.8% removal within 60 min. Langmuir isotherm model fits well with the equilibrium isotherm data, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 13, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
