Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zingiber officinale and Thymus vulgaris extracts: characterisation, cell cytotoxicity, and its antifungal activity against Candida albicans in comparison to fluconazole
In this study, the potential of green synthesised silver nanoparticles (NPs) as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans fungal pathogen is investigated. The extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) plays as reducing agent, capping agent and antifungal agent. The UV-visible spectroscopy shows the peak of surface plasmon resonance of synthesised Ag NPs after a period of time. The synthesised Ag NPs are spherical, with average sizes of 12 and 18 nm based on ginger and thyme extract, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the adsorption of the plant extract on the surface...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 7, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanolabel for voltammetric immunosensing
This study describes the development and testing of a simple and novel enzyme-free nanolabel for the detection and signal amplification in a sandwich immunoassay. Gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGOAu) was used as the nanolabel for the quantitative detection of human immunoglobulin G (HIgG). The rGOAu nanolabel was synthesised by one pot chemical reduction of graphene oxide and chloroauric acid using sodium borohydride. The pseudo-peroxidase behaviour of rGOAu makes the nanolabel unique from other existing labels. The immunosensing platform was fabricated using self-assembled monolayers of 11-mercaptou...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 7, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of NiO nanoparticles and its effect on soybean (Glycine max)
In this study, the increasing activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was not enough for radical oxygen species detoxification. (Source: IET Nanobiotechnology)
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - May 7, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Synthesis of saporin–antibody conjugates for targeting EpCAM positive tumour cells
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Ribosomal inactivating proteins derived from plants specifically target ribosomes and irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis. EpCAM antibody and saporin were conjugated using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The mass of the conjugates were characterised using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI). The saporin–EpCAM (SAP–EpAB) conjugates were tested in-vitro against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells), WERI-Rb1 (retinobla...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Antibacterial and dye degradation potential of zero-valent silver nanoparticles synthesised using the leaf extract of Spondias dulcis
The present study reports a simple and low cost synthesis of zero-valent silver nanoparticles (ZVSNPs) from silver nitrate using the leaf extract of Spondias dulcis. The ZVSNPs showed a unique peak at 420 nm in UV–vis spectrum. The SEM image portrayed cuboidal shaped particles. The EDX spectrum designated the elemental silver peak at 3 keV. In XRD, a sharp peak at 32.47° denoted the existence of (1 0 1) lattice plane and the average crystallite size was calculated as 48.61 nm. The lattice parameter was determined as 0.39 nm. The FTIR spectra of the leaf extract and ZVSNPs showed shif...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
First principle approach towards logic design using hydrogen-doped single-strand DNA
In this study, density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function based first principle approach is applied to investigate the electronic transmission characteristics of ssDNA chain. The heavily hydrogen-doped-ssDNA (H-ssDNA) chain is connected with gold electrode to achieve enhanced quantum-ballistic transmission along 〈1 1 1〉 direction. Logic gates OR, Ex-OR, NXOR have been implemented using this analytical model of H-ssDNA device. Enhanced logic properties have been observed for ssDNA after H adsorption due to improved electronic transmission. Dense electron cloud is considered as logic ‘...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using Rangoon creeper leaves extract and their spectral analysis and anti-bacterial studies
The plant-based biological molecules possess exceptionally controlled assembling properties to make them suitable in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In the present study, an efficient simple one-pot method was employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) from the Rangoon creeper (RC) aqueous leaf extract. Biomolecules present in the leaf extract play a significant role as reducing agent as well as capping agent in the formation of RC-SNPs. The formation of RC-SNPs was confirmed by using several analytical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectropho...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles on proline, anthocyanin contents and photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation in the soybean
In this study, the effect of different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles synthesised using olive extract on the soybean was studied. The soybean seeds were cultured in a Hoagland medium containing agar which was treated different concentrations (0, 200 and 400 ppm) of ZnO nanoparticles. After 21 days, the plants were harvested and the parameters of proline, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) activity in soybeans (Glycine max) were measured. The results showed that the levels of chlorophyll a and ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Electroporation of Ishikawa cells: analysis by flow cytometry
Electroporation facilitates loading of cells with molecules and substances that are normally membrane impermeable. Flow cytometry is used in this study to examine the effects of the application of electroporation-level monopolar electric field pulses of varying electrical field strength on Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Analysis of the fluorescence versus forward scatter plots corroborates the well-recognised threshold and cell size dependence characteristics of electroporation, but also shows the progression of cell lysis and generation of particulate material. Two 500 µs monopolar rectangular puls...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Functionalisation of carbon nanotubes by methotrexate and study of synchronous photothermal effect of carbon nanotube and anticancer drug on cancer cell death
Carboxylated functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT) were synthesised. Furthermore, folic acid (FA) and methotrexate (MTX) through ethylenediamine (ED) were attached to the surface of f-MWCNT to synthesise MWCNT–ED–FA and MWCNT–ED–MTX. Release studies of MTX as free drug and in MWCNT–ED–MTX were performed. These studies showed that MTX release rate from MWCNT–ED–MTX decreased in comparison with free MTX, which is due to the MTX attachment on the MWCNT. The anticancer effect of MWCNT–ED–FA and MWCNT–ED–MTX on the breast cancer...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
In vitro germination and biochemical profiling of Brassica napus in response to biosynthesised zinc nanoparticles
With the progression of nanotechnology, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer products has increased dramatically and green synthesis is one of the cheapest and eco-friendly methods to obtain non-hazardous NPs. In the current research zinc (Zn) NPs synthesis was carried out by using the fresh and healthy leaves of Mentha arvensis L. followed by characterisation through ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the green synthesis of ZnNPs, while XRD confirmed the size of NPs, which was 30–70 nm. S...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum by AgNPs biosynthesised using Cinnamomum camphora fruit extract
Cinnamomum camphora fruit extract was used to biosynthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and the optimised synthesis system was ascertained through solution colour change and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra. It contained 20 ml of fruit extract, 4 mM Ag nitrate, and pH 7. AgNPs obtained based on such conditions were spherical and finely dispersed, with an average size of 20.3 nm. As-synthesised AgNPs exhibited excellent antifungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum. At a dose of 400 μg/ml of AgNPs, the inhibition rate of colony growth reached 61.00% and an IC50 value of 154.39...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Green synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of plant-based silver nanoparticles using Quercus semecarpifolia Smith aqueous leaf extract
The development of reliable and green methods for the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has many advantages in the field of nanotechnology. In this direction, the present work describes an eco-friendly and cost-effective protocol for the production of silver NPs (AgNPs) using an aqueous extract of Quercus semecarpifolia leaves. Different techniques were carried out for the characterisation of the synthesised AgNPs. The ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic analysis showed the highest absorbance peak at 430 nm. The particle size and structure were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy as well as tran...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Effect of chitosan with different molecular weight on the stability, antioxidant and anticancer activities of well-dispersed selenium nanoparticles
This study was designed to evaluate and compare the stability, antioxidant and anticancer activities of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) decorated with different molecular weight (MW) of chitosan (CS) (1500 Da, 48 kDa, 510 kDa). The size range of well-dispersed SeNPs was effectively controlled by I− first and then coated with CS. The morphology, size and surface charge of generated SeNPs were characterised by several technologies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the relationship between SeNPs and CS. SeNPs decorated with CS (510 kDa) can keep stable for more ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Biochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles from leaf protein of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. xanthi and their physiological, developmental, and ROS scavenging responses on tobacco plant under stress conditions
The objective of this study was to synthesise the gold nanoparticles (GNps) from the leaves protein of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. xanthi, its characterisation, and response on plant physiology and ROS scavenging activity on plants after exposure to different stresses. The authors have treated N. tabacum L. cv. xanthi plants with 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm biochemically synthesised GNps and examined physiological as well as biochemical changes. Results showed that biochemically synthesised GNps exposure significantly increased the seed germination (P < 0.001), root (P < 0.001), sh...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - February 15, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
