Human breast milk: A review on its composition and bioactivity
Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution, finely attuning it to the requirements of the infant. Breast milk contains many complex proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, the concentrations of which alter dramatically over a single feed, as well as over lactation, to reflect the infant’s needs.In addition to providing a source of nutrition for infants, breast milk contains a myriad of biologically active components. These molecules possess diverse roles, both guiding the development of the infants immune system and intestinal microbiota. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - September 12, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Nicholas J. Andreas, Beate Kampmann, Kirsty Mehring Le-Doare Source Type: research
The functional biology of human milk oligosaccharides
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a group of complex sugars that are highly abundant in human milk, but currently not present in infant formula. More than a hundred different HMOs have been identified so far. The amount and composition of HMOs are highly variable between women, and each structurally defined HMO might have a distinct functionality. HMOs are not digested by the infant and serve as metabolic substrates for select microbes, contributing to shape the infant gut microbiome. HMOs act as soluble decoy receptors that block the attachment of viral, bacterial or protozoan parasite pathogens to epithelial cell su...
Source: Early Human Development - September 12, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lars Bode Source Type: research
Socioeconomic (SES) differences in language are evident in female infants at 7months of age
: Language skills, strongly linked to academic success, are known to differ by socioeconomic status (SES), with lower SES individuals performing less well than higher SES. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - September 11, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, Hallam Hurt Source Type: research
Donor catch-up growth after laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
To assess fetal growth after laser surgery for TTTS at the time of prenatal diagnosis, birth, and at 2years of age. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - September 10, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ramen H. Chmait, Andrew H. Chon, Sheree M. Schrager, Eftichia V. Kontopoulos, Rubén A. Quintero, Douglas L. Vanderbilt Source Type: research
Calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism in the fetus and newborn
The placenta actively transports minerals whereas the intestines and kidneys may be nonessential for fetal mineral homeostasis. Mineral concentrations are higher in fetal blood than in adults in order for the developing skeleton to accrete adequate mineral content. Fetal bone development and serum mineral regulation are dependent upon parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP), but not calcitriol, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, or the sex steroids. After birth, a switch from fetal to neonatal regulatory mechanisms is triggered by loss of the placental calcium infusion, onset of a breathing, and a p...
Source: Early Human Development - September 10, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Christopher S. Kovacs Source Type: research
Pedigree-based Analysis of Inherited and Noninherited Risk Factors of Congenital Heart Defects
Although congenital heart defect (CHD) pedigrees are rare, they are generally taken as evidence of the existence of a genetic etiologic mechanism or environmental factors common to family members, or a combination of both. Therefore, the analysis of CHD pedigrees is important for bridging the gap in our knowledge of its etiology. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 28, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Yuan Yuan, Weicheng Chen, Xiaojing Ma, Huijun Wang, Weili Yan, Guoying Huang Source Type: research
Impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on microvasculature in childhood. The Generation R Study
Fetal exposure to maternal smoking is associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in later life. Early microvasculature adaptations might be part of the underlying mechanisms for these associations. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 24, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Olta Gishti, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Janine F. Felix, Irwin Reiss, Eric Steegers, Albert Hofman, Mohammad Kamran Ikram, Romy Gaillard Source Type: research
Attachment disorganization among children in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Preliminary results
Preterm children have been reported to be at higher risk to develop attachment insecurity. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - August 8, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Marie-Hélène Pennestri, Hélène Gaudreau, Andrée-Anne Bouvette-Turcot, Ellen Moss, Vanessa Lecompte, Leslie Atkinson, John Lydon, Meir Steiner, Michael J. Meaney, on behalf of the Mavan Research Team Source Type: research
What do home videos tell us about early motor and socio-communicative behaviours in children with autistic features during the second year of life — An exploratory study
Little is known about the first half year of life of individuals later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). There is even a complete lack of observations on the first 6months of life of individuals with transient autistic behaviours who improved in their socio-communicative functions in the pre-school age. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Michele Zappella, Christa Einspieler, Katrin D. Bartl-Pokorny, Magdalena Krieber, Mary Coleman, Sven Bölte, Peter B. Marschik Source Type: research
Neonatal neurobehavior after therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment including cerebral palsy and intellectual disability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for acute assessment of cerebral injury in HIE. Limited data are available regarding the significance of clinically manifested neurobehavioral impairments in the neonatal period. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 31, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: An N. Massaro, Iordanis Evangelou, Judy Brown, Ali Fatemi, Gilbert Vezina, Robert McCarter, Penny Glass, Catherine Limperopoulos Source Type: research
Association between positive urine cultures and necrotizing enterocolitis in a large cohort of hospitalized infants
We used a large research database to examine the association between urinary tract infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 28, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Leslie C. Pineda, Christoph P. Hornik, Patrick C. Seed, C. Michael Cotten, Matthew M. Laughon, Margarita Bidegain, Reese H. Clark, P. Brian Smith Source Type: research
Neonatal fatty acid status and neurodevelopmental outcome at 9years
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important for prenatal brain development. Previous studies of others assessed outcome until 7years. The associations between neonatal LCPUFA status and long-term developmental outcome are debated. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 28, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Corina de Jong, Hedwig K. Kikkert, Jorien Seggers, Gunther Boehm, Tamas Decsi, Mijna Hadders-Algra Source Type: research
Nucleated red blood cells as marker for an increased risk of unfavorable outcome and mortality in very low birth weight infants
Nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) are normoblastic cells that failed to extrude their nuclei before exiting from bone marrow or liver. While NRBC are frequently found in umbilical cord blood after fetal distress, NRBC counts drop rapidly after birth. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 25, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Malte Cremer, Stephanie Roll, Charlotte Gräf, Andreas Weimann, Christoph Bührer, Christof Dame Source Type: research
The effect of caffeine citrate on neural breathing pattern in preterm infants
Caffeine citrate is widely used to prevent and treat prematurity-associated apnea. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 25, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Vilhelmiina Parikka, Jennifer Beck, Qian Zhai, Juha Leppäsalo, Liisa Lehtonen, Hanna Soukka Source Type: research
Test–retest reliability of computer-based video analysis of general movements in healthy term-born infants
A computer-based video analysis has recently been presented for quantitative assessment of general movements (GMs). This method's test–retest reliability, however, has not yet been evaluated. (Source: Early Human Development)
Source: Early Human Development - July 25, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Susanne Collier Valle, Ragnhild Støen, Rannei Sæther, Alexander Refsum Jensenius, Lars Adde Source Type: research
