Multiple-Partner Fertility in the United States: A Demographic Portrait
In this study, the new SIPP data are used to generate key benchmarks for a national sample, present subpopulation estimates, and describe the sample of adults with children by multiple partners. (Source: Demography)
Source: Demography - December 13, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Stepfamily Structure and Transfers Between Generations in U.S. Families
In this study, we use new data on family structure and transfers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to describe the prevalence and numbers of stepparents and stepchildren for adults of all ages and to characterize the relationship between having stepkin and transfers of time and money between generations, regardless of whether the kin live together. We find that having stepparents and stepchildren is very common among U.S. households, especially younger households. Furthermore, stepkin substantially increase the typical household ’s family size; stepparents and stepchildren increase a household’s number of pa...
Source: Demography - December 7, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Dimensions of Reproductive Attitudes and Knowledge Related to Unintended Childbearing Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults
AbstractMeasures of attitudes and knowledge predict reproductive behavior, such as unintended fertility among adolescents and young adults. However, there is little consensus as to the underlying dimensions these measures represent, how to compare findings across surveys using different measures, or how to interpret the concepts captured by existing measures. To guide future research on reproductive behavior, we propose an organizing framework for existing measures. We suggest that two overarching multidimensional concepts —reproductive attitudes andreproductive knowledge—can be applied to understand existing research ...
Source: Demography - December 6, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early Motherhood Among Low-Income, Maltreated, and Foster Youth
In this study, we assessed differences in the risk of early motherhood among these groups and investigated whether differences likely reflect selection factors versus effects of involvement with Child Protective Services (CPS) or foster care. Using a statewide linked administrative data system for Wisconsin, we employed survival analysis to estimate the hazard of early birth (child conceived prior to age 18) among females. We found that both the youth involved in CPS and youth in foster care were at significantly higher risk of early motherhood than low-income youth, and these differences were not explained by a range of s...
Source: Demography - December 5, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Immigrant Legal Status and Health: Legal Status Disparities in Chronic Conditions and Musculoskeletal Pain Among Mexican-Born Farm Workers in the United States
AbstractImmigrant legal status determines access to the rights and privileges of U.S. society. Legal status may be conceived of as a fundamental cause of health, producing a health disparity whereby unauthorized immigrants are disadvantaged relative to authorized immigrants, a perspective that is supported by research on legal status disparities in self-rated health and mental health. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on legal status disparities in physical health and examined whether a legal status disparity exists in chronic conditions and musculoskeletal pain among 17,462 Mexican-born immigrants employe...
Source: Demography - December 5, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Impact of Forced Migration on Mortality: Evidence From German Pension Insurance Records
AbstractWe examine the long-run effects of forced migration for individuals who were displaced from Eastern Europe to Germany in the aftermath of World War II. Evidence suggests that displaced individuals were worse off economically, facing a considerably lower income and a higher unemployment risk than comparable nondisplaced Germans, even 20 years after being expelled. We extend this literature by investigating mortality outcomes. Using social security records that document the exact date of death and a proxy for pre-retirement lifetime earnings, we estimate a significantly and considerably higher mortality risk among fo...
Source: Demography - November 29, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Income-Related Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada?
In this study, we investigate the extent to which this is a result of a more unequal income distribution in the United States. We show that although incomes are more unequal in the United States than elsewhere, a given difference in real income is associated with larger gaps in child test scores there than in the three other countries. In particular, high-income families in the United States appear to translate the same amount of financial resources into greater cognitive advantages relativ e to the middle-income group than those in the other countries studied. We compare inequalities in other kinds of family characteristi...
Source: Demography - November 28, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Nonlabor Income and Age at Marriage: Evidence From China ’s Heating Policy
AbstractWe exploit China ’s heating policy to investigate how nonlabor income affects marriage. From the mid-1950s, the policy gave substantial subsidies to urban residents north of the Huai River. Applying geographic regression discontinuity, we find that with the policy, urban men in the north married 15 months earlier than men in the south. The difference is substantial given that the average age at first marriage is 24.9 years for urban men in the south. The effect is larger for later birth cohorts, which is consistent with the progressive implementation of the policy. The effect is smaller among women, consiste nt w...
Source: Demography - November 27, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
A Research Note on the Prevalence of Housing Eviction Among Children Born in U.S. Cities
AbstractA growing body of research suggests that housing eviction is more common than previously recognized and may play an important role in the reproduction of poverty. The proportion of children affected by housing eviction, however, remains largely unknown. We estimate that one in seven children born in large U.S. cities in 1998 –2000 experienced at least one eviction for nonpayment of rent or mortgage between birth and age 15. Rates of eviction were substantial across all cities and demographic groups studied, but children from disadvantaged backgrounds were most likely to experience eviction. Among those born into ...
Source: Demography - November 27, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Union Transitions and Fertility Within First Premarital Cohabitations in Canada: Diverging Patterns by Education?
AbstractCohabitation has become increasingly accepted and normalized as part of the family system in Canada and has become the most common way to form a first union. The changing role of cohabitation in the family system is often understood as being driven by the ideational changes associated with the second demographic transition, but increasing international evidence indicates that this explanation is incomplete. Using nationally representative retrospective data from Canadians born between 1940 and 1979 from the 2011 General Social Survey, this study examines transitions out of first premarital cohabitation and fertilit...
Source: Demography - November 20, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Parental Origins, Mixed Unions, and the Labor Supply of Second-Generation Women in the United States
This study examines the joint impact of parental origins and partner choice on the employment behavior of second-generation women in the United States. We find thatendogamy (choosing a first- or second-generation partner from the same national-origin group) is associated with lower labor supply among second-generation women, net of the effects of parental origin culture as proxied using the epidemiological approach to cultural transmission. Parental origin effects are mediated by education, but endogamy curtails economic activity regardless of educational attainment. The findings are robust for married women. Findings for ...
Source: Demography - November 19, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
From Some to None? Fertility Expectation Dynamics of Permanently Childless Women
This study focuses on an understudied yet revealing dimension of why individuals remain childless: stated fertility expectations over the life course. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort, I use a combination of sequence analysis, data-driven clustering techniques, and multivariable regression models to identify and describe groups of permanently childless women who follow similar trajectories of stated fertility expectations. Results indicate that a little more than one-half (56 %) of eventually childless women fall into a cluster where childlessness is expected before age 30. Women in t...
Source: Demography - November 14, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Lifespan Dispersion in Times of Life Expectancy Fluctuation: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe
AbstractCentral and Eastern Europe (CEE) have experienced considerable instability in mortality since the 1960s. Long periods of stagnating life expectancy were followed by rapid increases in life expectancy and, in some cases, even more rapid declines, before more recent periods of improvement. These trends have been well documented, but to date, no study has comprehensively explored trends in lifespan variation. We improved such analyses by incorporating life disparity as a health indicator alongside life expectancy, examining trends since the 1960s for 12 countries from the region. Generally, life disparity was high and...
Source: Demography - November 12, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Skin Color and Social Mobility: Evidence From Mexico
In this study, we contribute to understanding how skin color affects intergenerational social mobility in Mexico. Using a novel data set, we provide evidence of profound social stratification by skin color, even after controlling for specific individual characteristics that previous work has not been able to include, such as individual cognitive and noncognitive abilities, parental education and wealth, and measures of stress and parenting style in the home of origin. Results indicate that people in the lightest skin color category have an average of 1.4 additional years of schooling and 53 % more in hourly earnings than t...
Source: Demography - November 8, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Revising Infant Mortality Rates for the Early Twentieth Century United States
In this study, we construct improved estimates of births and infant mortality in the United States for 1915–1940 using recently released complete count decennial census microdata combined with the counts of infant deaths from published sources. We check the veracity of our estimates with a major birth registration study completed in conjunction with the 1940 decennial census and find that the largest adjustments occur in states with less-complete birth registration systems. An additional advantage of our census-based estimation method is the extension backward of the birth and infant mortality series for years prior to p...
Source: Demography - November 2, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
