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National survey of blindness and visual impairment in Guatemala, 2015
Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness in older adults is higher in Guatemala than in most Central American coun tries. Most cases of blindness and visual impairment were either preventable or treatable. Increased availability of affordable, high-quality cataract treatment would have a substantial impact on blindness prevention.RESUMO | Objetivo: Estimar a preval ência de cegueira e deficiência visual em idosos que vivem na Guatemala. Métodos: Indivíduos com idade ³50 anos foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória por conglomerados, e os participantes do estudo foram avaliados pelo método de Avaliação ...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - February 5, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

PICOT: Imprescriptible items in a clinical research question
(Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia)
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - February 5, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

The effect of infra-red light on intraocular pressure
ABSTRACT The transparency and maintenance of corneal epithelial integrity are essential for its optical properties and, to preserve these characteristics, the epithelium undergoes continuous renewal. This renewal depends on the control of cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by mitogenic factors responsible for increasing mitoses and stimulating cellular migration. Cell-cell communication plays a pivotal role in epithelial healing process, and several cytokines and growth factors are involved in this process. Understanding the cross-talk and paracrine effects of these cytokines and growth factors released can he...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Biological modulation of corneal epithelial wound healing
ABSTRACT The transparency and maintenance of corneal epithelial integrity are essential for its optical properties and, to preserve these characteristics, the epithelium undergoes continuous renewal. This renewal depends on the control of cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by mitogenic factors responsible for increasing mitoses and stimulating cellular migration. Cell-cell communication plays a pivotal role in epithelial healing process, and several cytokines and growth factors are involved in this process. Understanding the cross-talk and paracrine effects of these cytokines and growth factors released can he...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in malignant hypertensive retinopathy
ABSTRACT A 33-year-old male presented to our clinic with low vision in both eyes that started during the previous week. Visual acuity was 20/63 in the right eye and 20/50 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed signs of hypertensive retinopathy; thus, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted for the diagnosis and treatment of this patient. We consulted the nephrology and cardiology departments on this case. Upon diagnosing malignant hypertension and renal failure, the patient was put on hemodialysis. His visual acuity was 20/20 at 6 months, whereas foveal assessment on optical coherence tomography angiography revealed...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Posterior keratoconus and iris atrophy: a fortuitous association?
ABSTRACT The authors describe an unusual association between posterior keratoconus and iris atrophy, confirmed by a complete ocular evaluation, scheimpflug imaging and pachymetric curve. A hypothesis for concomitant findings is discussed.RESUMO Os autores descrevem a rara associa ção entre ceratocone posterior e atrofia de íris, confirmada por avaliação oftalmológica completa, imagens de scheimpflug e curva paquimétrica. Sugere-se uma hipótese que explique a concomitância de ambas as alterações. (Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia)
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Trochlear-oculomotor synkinesis: another congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder?
This report documents an unusual phenomenon. A 6-year-old girl with trochlear-oculomotor synkinesis presented with superior oblique and palpebral levator co-contraction. The literature was reviewed and the possibility of classifying this entity as a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder was speculated.RESUMO Este relato descreve um fen ômeno incomum. Uma menina de 6 anos com sincinesia troclear-oculomotora apresentou co-contração do oblíquo superior e do levantador da pálpebra. A literatura foi revisada e especulou-se a possibilidade de classificar essa desordem como um distúrbio da congenital cranial dysinnerva...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Bilateral clear lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation in a child with microspherophakia and Marfan syndrome
We report the case of a 4-year-old boy with Marfan syndrome whose parents reported he had had low visual acuity since birth. On examination, there was microspherophakia and a small subluxation of the lens. The objective refraction was -23.75 - 2.75 x 70 in the right eye and -25.50 -3.50 x 90 in the left eye. Since the microspherophakia and the high myopia severely affected the boy's quality of life, clear lens extraction, anterior vitrectomy, posterior surgical capsulotomy via the pars plana, and intraocular lens implantation were performed. Two years postoperatively, the patient had centered intraocular lenses and a corre...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

The influence of storage method on the transparency of pig crystalline lens
Conclusions: The transparency of porcine crystalline lens is affected by the storage method. The visible spectrum is the most affected, evidenced by the effect on the transparency and consequently the amount of light transmitted. The results show that freezing at -80°C maintains the transpa rency of the crystalline lens for at least 4 weeks.RESUMO Objetivos: Olho de porco é frequentemente usa do como modelos de pesquisa. Este estudo analisa o efeito de di ferentes métodos de armazenamento na preservação da transparência do cristalino de porco. Métodos: Uma curva de transmissão espectral (de 220 até 780 nm) para ...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Evaluating the diameter of eyedropper tips using a computer vision system
Conclusions: The results of the present study show discrepancies in diameters of eyedropper tips, suggesting a variation in eyedropper size and medication wastage.RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a varia ção dos diâmetros das aberturas externa e interna dos bicos conta-gotas utilizando sistema de visão computacional. A padronização do tamanho dos colírios conta-gotas é importante para reduzir o custo do tratamento de doenças crônicas e garantir o uso contínuo de medicamentos. O volume da gota maior do que 20 µl (volume de armazenamento máximo do saco conjuntival) gera desperdício da...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Association between systemic activity ındex and dry eye severity in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome
Conclusion: The results showed an association between dry eye severity and systemic activity index in primary Sj ögren syndrome patients.RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a gravidade dos achados oculares e sist êmicos entre pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária. Métodos: O estudo seguiu um delineamento prospectivo controlado e compreendeu dois grupos; o grupo de teste incluiu 58 olhos de 58 pacientes recém-diagnosticados com síndrome de Sjögren primária com resultados deficientes no teste de olho seco e o grupo controle incluiu 45 olhos direitos de 45 indivíduos saudáveis pare...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Effects of ranibizumab and amfenac on the functional abilities and radiosensitivity of uveal melanoma cells
Conclusion: Combination of ranibizumab and amfenac reduced the proliferation rate of uveal melanoma cells; however, only amfenac monotherapy significantly decreased cell migration. The radiosensitivity of the 92.1 uveal melanoma cell line increased following the administration of ranibizumab, amfenac, and their combination. Further investigation is warranted to determine if this is a viable pretreatment strategy to render large tumors amenable to radiotherapy.RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do ranibizumabe em associa ção com o amfenac nas células de melanoma uveal humano e explorar a capacidade desses compostos em...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Amniotic membrane as a biological scaffold for dental pulp stem cell transplantation in ocular surface reconstruction
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the amniotic membrane is a good choice for the growth and transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells, particularly immature dental pulp stem cells, in clinical ocular surface reconstruction.RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a capacidade das c élulas-tronco imaturas da polpa do dente de leite que são células-tronco mesenquimais de origem da crista neural, de se diferenciarem no epitélio corneano para fins de transplante de córnea e engenharia de tecidos quando cultivadas em membrana amnióticas desepitelizadas. Métodos: Foram compa ramos so imunofenótipo (ABCG2, CK3/12 e vimentina) de c...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Effects of topical azithromycin, moxifloxacin, and povidone iodine on conjunctival bacterial flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injection
Conclusion: Moxifloxacin was more effective than 5% povidone iodine in controlling the growth of conjunctival bacterial flora. Use of moxifloxacin in combination with 5% povidone iodine resulted in a synergistic effect.RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos de iodopovidona t ópico a 5% com azitromicina e moxifloxacina profiláticas sobre a flora bacteriana em pacientes submetidos à injeção intravítrea. Métodos: Um total de 132 pacientes foram aleatoriamente designados para receber tratamento com azitromicina ou moxifloxacina ou nenhum tratamento (grupo controle). No total, 528 amostras foram obtidas no momento na ad...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Effect of accelerated corneal crosslinking on ocular response analyzer waveform-derived parameters in progressive keratoconus
Conclusion: For estimating the effect of accelerated corneal crosslinking on corneal biomechanics, parameters such as p1 area, p2 area, h2, and dive2 are more sensitive than corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor. These results may help us to find out which corneal crosslinking method is most effective for stiffening the corne a.RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do cross-linking corneano acelerado na biomec ânica corneana com analisador de resposta ocular em pacientes com ceratocone progressivo. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, 50 olhos de 45 pacientes com ceratocone progressivo submetidos à cross-link...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - January 15, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research