Nut ‐cracking behaviour in wild‐born, rehabilitated bonobos (Pan paniscus): a comprehensive study of hand‐preference, hand grips and efficiency
There has been an enduring interest in primate tool‐use and manipulative abilities, most often with the goal of providing insight into the evolution of human manual dexterity, right‐hand preference, and what behaviours make humans unique. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are arguably the most well‐studied tool‐users amongst non‐human primates, and are particularly well‐known for their complex nut‐cracking behaviour, which has been documented in several West African populations. However, their sister‐taxon, the bonobos (Pan paniscus), rarely engage in even simple tool‐use and are not known to nut‐crack in t...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 27, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johanna Neufuss, Tatyana Humle, Andrea Cremaschi, Tracy L. Kivell Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Application of PE ‐RADSeq to the study of genomic diversity and divergence of two Brazilian marmoset species (Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata)
Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata are among the smallest anthropoid primates, are highly specialized tree gougers, and largely occupy Brazil's most extreme, semi‐arid biomes. However, the underlying genomic factors that underpin the evolution of these species and their unique traits are under‐investigated. Additionally, exotic populations of these two species are widely established throughout Brazil and hybridize with threatened native congers. Thus, both genomic and conservation factors call for a better understanding of C. jacchus and C. penicillata evolution. Here, we applied PE‐RADseq to characterize genomic ...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - August 13, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joanna Malukiewicz, Katerina Guschanski, Adriana D. Grativol, Maria Ad élia B. Oliveira, Carlos R. Ruiz‐Miranda, Anne C. Stone Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Estimating primate population densities: the systematic use of playbacks along transects in population surveys
Accurate measures of animal population densities are essential to assess their status, demography, and answer ecological questions. Among several methods proposed to collect abundance data, line transect sampling is used the most. The assumptions required to obtain accurate density estimates through this method, however, are rarely met when studying primates. As most primate species are vocally active, density estimates can be improved by associating transect sampling with playback point counts to scan the entire study area. Yet, attention to playback procedure and data collection design is necessary. Here, we describe a p...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 28, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carla C. Gestich, Christini B. Caselli, Mariana B. Nagy ‐Reis, Eleonore Z. F. Setz, Rogério G. T. da Cunha Tags: New Approaches Source Type: research
Bonobo nest site selection and the importance of predictor scales in primate ecology
The role of spatial scale in ecological pattern formation such as the geographical distribution of species has been a major theme in research for decades. Much progress has been made on identifying spatial scales of habitat influence on species distribution. Generally, the effect of a predictor variable on a response is evaluated over multiple, discrete spatial scales to identify an optimal scale of influence. However, the idea to identify one optimal scale of predictor influence is misleading. Species‐environment relationships across scales are usually sigmoid increasing or decreasing rather than humped‐shaped, becaus...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Adeline Serckx, Marie ‐Claude Huynen, Roseline C. Beudels‐Jamar, Marie Vimond, Jan Bogaert, Hjalmar S. Kühl Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 25, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Broader impacts: international implications and integrative ethical consideration of policy decisions about US chimpanzee research
Recent decisions and unprecedented evaluative processes about research with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) continue to attract widespread attention by the public, media, and scientific community. Over the past 5 years, actions by the NIH and the United States Fish and Wildlife Services, have significantly truncated valuable scientific research and jeopardized future research. From a global perspective, the decisions have broad consequences for research aimed not only at human health, but also the conservation and welfare of other species. Full consideration of the role that rese...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Allyson J. Bennett, Sangeeta Panicker Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Non ‐human primates avoid the detrimental effects of prenatal androgen exposure in mixed‐sex litters: combined demographic, behavioral, and genetic analyses
We examined whether neonatal testosterone exposure might be detrimental to females in mixed‐sex litters by compiling data from long‐term breeding records for seven primate species (Saguinus oedipus; Varecia variegata, Varecia rubra, Microcebus murinis, Mirza coquereli, Cheirogaleus medius, Galago moholi). Litter sex ratios did not differ from the expected 1:2:1 (MM:MF:FF for twins) and 1:2:2:1 (MMM:MMF:MFF:FFF for triplets). Measures of reproductive success, including female survivorship, offspring‐survivorship, and inter‐birth interval, did not differ between females born in mixed‐sex versus all‐female litters...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 18, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brenda J. Bradley, Charles T. Snowdon, William C. McGrew, Richard R. Lawler, Elaine E. Guevara, Annick McIntosh, Timothy O'Connor Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Non‐human primates avoid the detrimental effects of prenatal androgen exposure in mixed‐sex litters: combined demographic, behavioral, and genetic analyses
We examined whether neonatal testosterone exposure might be detrimental to females in mixed‐sex litters by compiling data from long‐term breeding records for seven primate species (Saguinus oedipus; Varecia variegata, Varecia rubra, Microcebus murinis, Mirza coquereli, Cheirogaleus medius, Galago moholi). Litter sex ratios did not differ from the expected 1:2:1 (MM:MF:FF for twins) and 1:2:2:1 (MMM:MMF:MFF:FFF for triplets). Measures of reproductive success, including female survivorship, offspring‐survivorship, and inter‐birth interval, did not differ between females born in mixed‐sex versus all‐female litters...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 18, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brenda J. Bradley, Charles T. Snowdon, William C. McGrew, Richard R. Lawler, Elaine E. Guevara, Annick McIntosh, Timothy O'Connor Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Gaze following in baboons (Papio anubis): juveniles adjust their gaze and body position to human's head redirections
Gaze following, the ability to follow the gaze of other individuals, has been widely studied in non‐human primate species, mostly in adult individuals. Yet, the literature on gaze following revealed a quite variability across the different findings, some of it might reflect true inter‐species differences, while others might be related to methodological differences, or to an underestimation of the factors involved in the expression of gaze following. In the current study, we tested 54 captive olive baboons (Papio anubis), housed in social groups, to assess how juvenile and adult baboons would spontaneously react to a su...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 18, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carole Parron, Adrien Meguerditchian Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 14, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Physiological and parasitological implications of living in a city: the case of the white ‐footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus)
This study provides important preliminary information that will be useful to determine the ability of New World primate populations to cope with urban development and rapidly changing environments. (Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Iv án Darío Soto‐Calderón, Yuliet Andrea Acevedo‐Garcés, Jóhnatan Álvarez‐Cardona, Carolina Hernández‐Castro, Gisela María García‐Montoya Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Moving evidence into practice: cost analysis and assessment of macaques ’ sustained behavioral engagement with videogames and foraging devices
Environmental enrichment plans for captive nonhuman primates often include provision of foraging devices. The rationale for using foraging devices is to promote species‐typical activity patterns that encourage physical engagement and provide multi‐sensory stimulation. However, these devices have been shown to be ineffective at sustaining manipulation over long periods of time, and often produce minimal cognitive engagement. Here we use an evidence‐based approach to directly compare the amount of object‐directed behavior with a foraging device and a computer‐based videogame system. We recorded 11 adult male rhesus...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Allyson J. Bennett, Chaney M. Perkins, Parker D. Tenpas, Alma L. Reinebach, Peter J. Pierre Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Physiological and parasitological implications of living in a city: the case of the white‐footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus)
This study provides important preliminary information that will be useful to determine the ability of New World primate populations to cope with urban development and rapidly changing environments. (Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Iván Darío Soto‐Calderón, Yuliet Andrea Acevedo‐Garcés, Jóhnatan Álvarez‐Cardona, Carolina Hernández‐Castro, Gisela María García‐Montoya Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Paternity in wild ring ‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): Implications for male mating strategies
In this study, we analyzed paternity in a population of wild L. catta from the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve in southwestern Madagascar. Paternity was determined with 80–95% confidence for 39 offspring born to nine different groups. We calculated male reproductive skew indices for six groups, and our results showed a range of values corresponding to both high and low reproductive skew. Between 21% and 33% of offspring (3 of 14 or three of nine, counting paternity assignments at the 80% or 95% confidence levels, respectively) were sired by extra‐troop males. Males siring offspring within the same group during the same ...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 7, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joyce A. Parga, Michelle L. Sauther, Frank P. Cuozzo, Ibrahim Antho Youssouf Jacky, Richard R. Lawler, Robert W. Sussman, Lisa Gould, Jennifer Pastorini Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
A new conservation strategy for China —A model starting with primates
Although the evolutionary history of primates in China dates to the Eocene, and includes major radiations of lorisids, hominoids, cercopithecines, and colobines during the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene, extensive human‐induced habitat change and deforestation over the past few centuries has resulted in 22 of 25 extant species listed as threatened or endangered, and two species of gibbons extirpated in the last few years. This commentary briefly reviews factors that have contributed to the decline of primates in China over the past 400 years, and in particular how major social events and economic development in moder...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 5, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ruliang Pan, Charles Oxnard, Cyril C. Grueter, Baoguo Li, Xiaoguang Qi, Gang He, Songtao Guo, Paul A. Garber Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
