Significant differentiation in the apolipoprotein(a)/lipoprotein(a) trait between chimpanzees from Western and Central Africa
Elevated Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) plasma concentrations are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans, largely controlled by the LPA gene encoding apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)). Lp(a) is composed of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and apo(a) and restricted to Catarrhini. A variable number of kringle IV (KIV) domains in LPA lead to a size polymorphism of apo(a) that is inversely correlated with Lp(a) concentrations. Smaller apo(a) isoforms and higher Lp(a) levels in central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes [PTT]) compared to humans from Europe had been reported. We studied apo(a) isoforms and Lp(a) concentration...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - July 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Asma Noureen, Claudius Ronke, Mahmoud Khalifa, Michel Halbwax, Anne Fischer, Claudine Andr é, Rebeca Atencia, Rosa Garriga, Lawrence Mugisha, Uta Ceglarek, Joachim Thiery, Gerd Utermann, Konrad Schmidt Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The effect of infant vocalization in alloparental responsiveness of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Among mammals, alloparental care can be influenced by hormones as well as by previous experience and sensory stimuli from the infants, such as sight and sound, smell, and physical contact with the infant. To determine the responsiveness of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) nonreproductive females and males with and without previous experience in caretaking to infant sensory cues, we exposed 12 females and 12 males to vocalization recordings for 10 min under two conditions: (1) exposure to adult conspecific vocalization recordings, and (2) exposure to infant vocalization recordings. We recorded the frequency of approac...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - June 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Maricele Nascimento Barbosa, Maria Teresa da Silva Mota, Marcela Nascimento Barbosa Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - June 20, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
The befuddling nature of mouse lemur hands and feet at Bez à Mahafaly, SW Madagascar
The reddish‐gray mouse lemur (Microcebus griseorufus) possesses striking phenotypic and behavioral variation. This project investigates differences in autopod proportions in neighboring populations of M. griseorufus from the Special Reserve at Bezà Mahafaly in southwest Madagascar. One population resides in an environment generally preferred by M. griseorufus—a spiny forest with large‐trunked trees, vertically‐oriented supports, and more open ground, while the other resides in a gallery forest with abundant small, often horizontal peripheral branches in high canopy. We demonstrate significant interpopulation diffe...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - June 12, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gina Agostini, Emilienne Rasoazanabary, Laurie R. Godfrey Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
High reproductive effort is associated with decreasing mortality late in life in captive ruffed lemurs
We report clear evidence of actuarial senescence (i.e., the decline of annual survival with increasing age) in both sexes and for both species of ruffed lemurs. RRL had a lower baseline mortality and senesced faster than BWRL, resulting in similar distributions of longevities for both species. No between‐sex difference was observed in any species. Lastly, a higher reproductive effort was positively associated with an increase of survival late in life, and thereby an increased longevity. These findings indicate that individual quality rather than trade‐off drives the association between reproductive success and survival...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - June 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Morgane Tidi ère, Jean‐François Lemaître, Guillaume Douay, Mylisa Whipple, Jean‐Michel Gaillard Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Infant titi monkey behavior in the open field test and the effect of early adversity
The open field test is commonly used to measure anxiety‐related behavior and exploration in rodents. Here, we used it as a standardized novel environment in which to evaluate the behavioral response of infant titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus), to determine the effect of presence of individual family members, and to assess how adverse early experience alters infant behavior. Infants were tested in the open field for 5 days at ages 4 and 6 months in four successive 5 min trials on each day. A transport cage, which was situated on one side of the open field, was either empty (non‐social control) or contained the father,...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - June 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rebecca H. Larke, Alice Toubiana, Katrina A. Lindsay, Sally P. Mendoza, Karen L. Bales Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Evidence of direct reciprocity, but not of indirect and generalized reciprocity, in the grooming exchanges of wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
Reciprocity is one of the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the exchange of social behaviors, such as grooming, in animals. Reciprocity assumes that individuals act as the donor and recipient of grooming and switch roles over time to balance the benefits and costs of this behavior. Three main patterns of reciprocity may follow a grooming given: (i) direct reciprocity, where the former recipient returns the grooming to the former donor; (ii) indirect reciprocity, where another individual returns the grooming to the former donor; and (iii) generalized reciprocity, where the former recipient returns the grooming t...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - June 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sandra Molesti, Bonaventura Majolo Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Of lemurs and louse flies: The biogeochemical and biotic effects of forest disturbance on Propithecus edwardsi and its obligate ectoparasite Allobosca crassipes in Ranomafana National Park, southeastern Madagascar
We present the stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope composition of hair from the lemur Propithecus edwardsi and of whole bodies of its obligate ectoparasite, the louse‐fly Allobosca crassipes, from sites in Ranomafana National Park (RNP) that are comparable except for the history of logging and subsequent forest regeneration. P. edwardsi and A. crassipes from the disturbed (i.e., heavily selectively logged) site are lower in 15N and 13C relative to P. edwardsi and A. crassipes from sites that were minimally selectively logged or not commercially logged at all. There is a ∼3‰ decrease in 15N between dist...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 31, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elizabeth McGee, Stanley Vaughn Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Comparison of male conflict behavior in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), with specific regard to coalition and post ‐conflict behavior
Coalitions among males during within group conflicts have a strong influence on the competitive and social environment within social groups. To evaluate possible variation in the occurrence of such coalitions in our closest relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, we compared male aggression and coalitionary behavior in two natural communities, one of each species, with a similar size and composition. Furthermore we compared affiliative behavior that might be related to coalition formation among males. We found higher frequencies of aggression and a greater likelihood to form coalitions during within‐group conflicts among wil...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Martin Surbeck, Christophe Boesch, C édric Girard‐Buttoz, Catherine Crockford, Gottfried Hohmann, Roman M. Wittig Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Social networks dynamics revealed by temporal analysis: An example in a non ‐human primate (Macaca sylvanus) in “La Forêt des Singes”
This study applied a temporal social network analysis model to describe three affiliative social networks (allogrooming, sleep in contact, and triadic interaction) in a non‐human primate species, Macaca sylvanus. Three main social mechanisms were examined to determine interactional patterns among group members, namely preferential attachment (i.e., highly connected individuals are more likely to form new connections), triadic closure (new connections occur via previous close connections), and homophily (individuals interact preferably with others with similar attributes). Preferential attachment was only observed for tri...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 2, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sebastian Sosa, Peng Zhang, Gu énaël Cabanes Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Alpha male replacements in nonhuman primates: Variability in processes, outcomes, and terminology
Alpha male replacements occur in all primates displaying a dominance hierarchy but the process can be extremely variable. Here, we review the primate literature to document differences in patterns of alpha male replacements, showing that group composition and dispersal patterns account for a large proportion of this variability. We also examine the consequences of alpha male replacements in terms of sexual selection theory, infanticide, and group compositions. Though alpha male replacements are often called takeovers in the literature, this term masks much of the variation that is present in these processes. We argue for m...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Julie A. Teichroeb, Katharine M. Jack Tags: INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Evaluating the effect of a year ‐long film focused environmental education program on Ugandan student knowledge of and attitudes toward great apes
Films, as part of a larger environmental education program, have the potential to influence the knowledge and attitudes of viewers. However, to date, no evaluations have been published reporting the effectiveness of films, when used within primate range countries as part of a conservation themed program. The Great Ape Education Project was a year‐long environmental education program implemented in Uganda for primary school students living adjacent to Kibale National Park (KNP) and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP). Students viewed a trilogy of conservation films about great apes, produced specifically for this aud...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Austin Leeds, Kristen E. Lukas, Corinne J. Kendall, Michelle A. Slavin, Elizabeth A. Ross, Martha M. Robbins, Dagmar van Weeghel, Richard A. Bergl Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Erratum
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research
Extraction of honey from underground bee nests by central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Loango National Park, Gabon: Techniques and individual differences
A detailed analysis of tool use behaviors can disclose the underlying cognitive traits of the users. We investigated the technique used by wild chimpanzees to extract the underground nests of stingless bees (Meliplebeia lendliana), which represent a hard‐to‐reach resource given their highly undetectable location. Using remote‐sensor camera trap footage, we analyzed 151 visits to 50 different bee nests by 18 adult chimpanzees of both sexes. We quantified the degree of complexity and flexibility of this technique by looking at the behavioral repertoire and at its structural organization. We used Generalized Linear Mixe...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - May 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vittoria Estienne, Colleen Stephens, Christophe Boesch Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
