How do rivers, geographic distance, and dispersal behavior influence genetic structure in two sympatric New World monkeys?
Dispersal, one of the major factors affecting the gene flow between populations, shapes the spatial distribution of genetic diversity within species. Alouatta macconnelli and Saguinus midas are two Neotropical monkey species that sympatrically inhabit the Guiana shield in northern Amazonia and are likely to differ in their dispersal behavior and vagility. We took advantage of their sympatry to investigate, over a fine geographical scale (∼50 km long), the relationship between spatial genetic structure, on the one hand, and geographical features and the species’ dispersal behavior on the other. A total of 84 A. maccon...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Emilie Lecompte, Mohand ‐Ameziane Bouanani, Benoît de Thoisy, Brigitte Crouau‐Roy Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Stable carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, isotope analysis of plants from a South Asian tropical forest: Implications for primatology
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis of primate tissues in tropical forest contexts is an increasingly popular means of obtaining information about niche distinctions among sympatric species, including preferences in feeding height, forest canopy density, plant parts, and trophism. However, issues of equifinality mean that feeding height, canopy density, as well as the plant parts and plant species consumed, may produce similar or confounding effects. With a few exceptions, researchers have so far relied largely on general principles and/or limited plant data from the study area as references for deducing the predominant drive...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patrick Roberts, Scott A. Blumenthal, Wolfgang Dittus, Oshan Wedage, Julia A. Lee ‐Thorp Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Parasites of orangutans (primates: ponginae): An overview
Wild orangutan populations exist in an increasingly fragile state. As numbers continue to decline and populations became fragmented, the overall health of remaining individuals becomes increasingly at risk. Parasitic infections can have a serious impact on the health of wild orangutans, and can be fatal. It has been reported that rehabilitated individuals demonstrate a higher prevalence of parasitic diseases, and it is possible that they may spread these infections to wild orangutans upon reintroduction. In order to ensure the success of reintroduction and conservation efforts, it is crucial to understand the potential ris...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wisnu Nurcahyo, Veronika Konstanzov á, Ivona Foitová Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Obituary Robert H. Horwich (1940 –2017)
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sam Shanee, Keefe Keeley, Noga Shanee Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Vitamin D status in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka
This study reports values for 25‐OH‐D and the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2 D) for wild, forest‐ranging toque macaques (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka. Plasma samples were obtained from eight adult males, seven juvenile males, six young nulliparous females, nine adult females not pregnant or lactating, eleven lactating adult females, and four pregnant females. Mean values for the complete sample were 61.3 ± 4.0 ng/ml for 25‐OH‐D and 155.6 ± 8.7 pg/ml for 1,25[OH]2 D. There were no significant differences for either metabolite among age and sex classes, nor between la...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michael L. Power, Wolfgang P. J. Dittus Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Embraces are lateralized in spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris)
Side biases observed in behavior are thought to reflect underlying asymmetric brain function or hemispheric specialization. Previous work in multiple species identified left side biases (associated with the right hemisphere) for processing social behavior. In highly social species such as primates, many behaviors may be categorized as social, yet differences between such behaviors have not been examined as a test of asymmetric brain function. Using Colombian spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris), we observed lateral positioning during two types of behaviors widely categorized as social affiliative: embracing and gr...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Emily R. Boeving, Starlie C. Belnap, Eliza L. Nelson Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Overlooked small apes need more attention!
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pengfei Fan, Thad Q. Bartlett Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Reproductive status affects the feeding ecology and social association patterns of female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) in an Amazonian rainforest
In this study, we examined whether female squirrel monkeys (a seasonally breeding primate) in different reproductive phases showed significant differences in their foraging ecology. We sampled two wild groups of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) using the focal animal method, during 12 months (June 2014 to May 2015). During this time, we quantified the effect of reproductive state (mating, gestation, and lactation) and sex (females vs. males) on activity budgets, foraging efficiency, dietary composition, and nearest neighbors. We found significant effects of both sex and reproductive phase on the mean proportion of time ...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luana V.P. Ruivo, Anita I. Stone, Matthew Fienup Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
How far do Neotropical primates disperse seeds?
We present a simple model to explain and predict observed measures of average dispersal distance and we hypothesize that it is a consequence of how long seeds are retained in the disperser's gut, how rapidly the disperser moves per unit time and how twisted the animal travel path is relative to the straight‐line distance moved away from the seed source. We retrieved data on dispersal distances from 26 published studies including nine primate species dispersing up to 112 plant species per study. We used gut transit time (TT) as a proxy for residence time inside the gut, the disperser's travel path per hour as proxy for mo...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lisieux F. Fuzessy, Charles H. Janson, Fernando A. O. Silveira Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: American Journal of Primatology)
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Functional morphology of the douc langur (Pygathrix spp.) scapula
Most colobine monkeys primarily move through their arboreal environment quadrupedally. Douc langurs (Pygathrix spp.), however, are regularly observed to use suspensory behaviors at the Endangered Primate Rescue Center (EPRC) in Northern Vietnam. Previous work has linked variation in scapular morphology to different modes of primate arboreal locomotion. Here we investigate whether the shape of the Pygathrix scapula resembles obligate brachiators (gibbons) or obligate arboreal quadrupeds (other cercopithecoids). Using a MicroScribe G2X 3D digitizer, the positions of 17 landmarks were recorded on 15 different species of nonhu...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - March 2, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Katie E. Bailey, Susan E. Lad, James D. Pampush Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
An empirical evaluation of camera trapping and spatially explicit capture ‐recapture models for estimating chimpanzee density
Empirical validations of survey methods for estimating animal densities are rare, despite the fact that only an application to a population of known density can demonstrate their reliability under field conditions and constraints. Here, we present a field validation of camera trapping in combination with spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) methods for enumerating chimpanzee populations. We used 83 camera traps to sample a habituated community of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of known community and territory size in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast, and estimated community size and density using spati...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - February 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marie ‐Lyne Després‐Einspenner, Eric J. Howe, Pierre Drapeau, Hjalmar S. Kühl Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Activity patterns in seven captive lemur species: Evidence of cathemerality in Varecia and Lemur catta?
Cathemerality, or activity throughout the 24‐hr cycle, is rare in primates yet relatively common among lemurs. However, the diverse ecological conditions under which cathemerality is expressed complicates attempts to identify species‐typical behavior. For example, Lemur catta and Varecia have historically been described as diurnal, yet recent studies suggest that they might exhibit cathemeral behavior under some conditions. To investigate this variation, we monitored activity patterns among lemurs that are exposed to similar captive environments. Using MotionWatch 8 ® actigraphy data loggers, we studied 88 lemurs acro...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - February 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joel Bray, David R. Samson, Charles L. Nunn Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Factors of influence and social correlates of parturition in captive Campbell's monkeys: Case study and breeding data
We present the first detailed description of a birth for this species and its short‐term social consequences. In line with previous findings for other monkeys and apes, labor (estimated by unusual stretching postures) and parturition were rapid, and delivery occurred in a clear social and vocal context. During the following days, the new mother became the center of attention of for young (kin and non‐kin) females and rose through the hierarchy. We discuss socio‐ecological factors, notably captivity conditions and the high degree of tolerance in the species’ social system, and confirm the existence of both “rigidi...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - February 15, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Alban Lemasson, Ronan Jubin, Philippe Bec, Martine Hausberger Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on the activity budget, ranging ecology and habitat use of Bale monkeys (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in the southern Ethiopian Highlands
Understanding the extent to which primates in forest fragments can adjust behaviorally and ecologically to changes caused by deforestation is essential to designing conservation management plans. During a 12‐month period, we studied the effects of habitat loss and degradation on the Ethiopian endemic, bamboo specialist, Bale monkey (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis) by comparing its habitat quality, activity budget, ranging ecology and habitat use in continuous forest and two fragments. We found that habitat loss and fragmentation resulted in major differences in vegetation composition and structure between forest types. We als...
Source: American Journal of Primatology - February 10, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Addisu Mekonnen, Peter J. Fashing, Afework Bekele, R. Adriana Hernandez ‐Aguilar, Eli K. Rueness, Nga Nguyen, Nils Chr. Stenseth Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
